“so that” ”so…that” 和“such…that”
 
        在学习so that 和so…that从句时，有相当一部分同学认为：so that 是用来构成目的状语从句的，而so…that则是用来构成结果状语从句的。其实，情况并不是这样。

                                 第一部分
一、so that同样可以用来引导结果状语从句，无论是否有副词作状语或形容词作表语，这就要得从意义上和so that从句的结构上来考虑，表目的的so that状语从句中通常情况下都含有一个情态动词。

     试比较：
1.     He hurried to the station so that he could catch the early bus. （表目的）
= He got to the station hurriedly so that he could catch the early bus.他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，为的是能搭上早班车。
2.   He hurried to the station so that he caught the early bus. （表结果）
 = He got to the station hurriedly，so that he caught the early bus.
  = He got to the station so hurriedly that he caught the early bus.他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果搭上了早班车。

         但若副词或形容词是放在so …that之间，就算that从句中含有情态动词也只能表示结果。

3. The boy was so stupid that he couldn’t work out the maths problem.这个男孩很笨，所以他解不出这道数学题。

★特别提示

   ① 表目的的so that 从句可以用in order that 替换；★ 更重要的是，若主句和从句的主语一致的时候还可以用so as to或in order to将其转换为简单句。该句型是中考每年必考句型，如：
   1.   I got up early so that I could be in time for the morning exercises.
  2. → I got up early in order that I could be in time for the morning exercises.
    3. → I got up early so as to / in order to be in time for the morning exercises.

 ★  Teachers work hard so that we could make progress. (不可转化为含有so as to / in order to 的简单句。)

     ② 有时为了加强语气，in order that 从句或in order to短语还可以放到句首，但so that 和so as to却不可以放到句首。如：
    In order that I could be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early.
In order to be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early.

   ③ 当so…that（或so that）结构的主句中有副词作状语或形容词作表语时，必须用so + adv. / adj. + as to才可以将其转换为简单句来表示结果，否则是表示目的。试比较：
    1.  I spoke so loud as to be heard by everyone. （表结果）我讲得声音很大，结果大家都听清楚了。 

    2. He spoke loud enough for most of the audience to hear him.他大声讲话好让大多数听众能听见。
    3. I spoke loud so as to be heard by everyone. （表目的） 我很大声地讲，是为了大家能都听清楚。

    ④ 在so + adv. / adj. + that所构成的结果状语从句中，人们常常把so + adv. / adj. 移到句首并将谓语动词倒装来表示强调。例如：
    ★So hard did the boy study that he passed the exam.
    ★So clever is the boy that he can answer the question.

     ⑤ ★人们在口语中常省去so…that的that，也有人省去so而保留that。如：
    ★She was so excited (that) she could hardly fall asleep.
   ★She was (so) excited that she could hardly fall asleep.
     在书写中★省去that时，最好加上逗号，把句子的两个部分隔开。例如：
    ★She was so excited, she could hardly fall asleep.

                                      第二部分

二、so…that和such…that都可以构成结果从句，所不同的是so…that之间接形容词或副词，而 such…that之间接名词。一般情况下，即使名词前有形容词修饰也不能换用so…that。例如：

1. The boy is so clever that everyone likes him.
2. The boy is such a fool that he can’t understand it.
3. Titanic is such a moving film that all of us want to see it. = Titanic is so moving a film that all of us want to see it.
4. The teacher gave the children such wonderful picture books that they got wild with joy.

                                  第三部分

三、★特别提示

 ① 当such…that之间用“不定冠词 + 形容词 + 单数名词”时，可以用so…that替换，但得将不定冠词和形容词颠倒位置。例如：
    ★That was such an important party that I had to take part in it.
   ★→ That was so important a party that I had to take part in it.

   ② 当such…that之间的可数名词前用many或few修饰，不可数名词前用much或little修饰时，只能用so…that构成结果从句。例如：
   

 ★I've got so few apples that I cannot divide them among the children.
 ★I have so much homework to do that I can't go to the cinema with you.

   ③ 当little表示“小”而不是“少”的意思时，仍然用such…that. 试比较：
   ★They are such little children that they cannot do the work well. 这些孩子太小，他们做不好这项工作。
  ★I have so little money that I can’t buy the computer.我的钱太少买不起这部电脑。

             第四部分

四、such…that万不可与such…as混用。such…that中的that是连词，用来引导状语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分；而such…as中的as是关系代词，用来引导定语从句并在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。试比较：
1. Zhangjiajie is such a marvelous place that everyone wants to visit it. （that引导状语从句）张家界是如此神奇的地方，人人都想去游玩。
2. Zhangjiajie is such a marvelous place as everyone wants to visit. （as引导定语从句并作宾语）张家界是如此一个人人都想去游玩的神奇的地方。