如何确定定语从句的关系代词和关系副词

 

     定语从句是语法学习中的重点和难点，如何正确的选择关系代词和关系副词又是重中之重。

     定语从句中的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose等；

 

      关系副词有where, when, why等。下面通过练习介绍一下确定关系代词和关系副词的一些方法。

 

1)This is the factory __ I visited last year.

 

2)This is the factory __ I worked last year.

 

A. where B. which C. as  D. what

 

【分析】 以上两句只有细微的差别，但答案却不同。

1）选B；1）是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which。

 

2）选A。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系：2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即I worked in the factory，因此,选where。

 

3) I will never forget the day ___ we spent together.

 

4) I will never forget the day ___ we worked together.

 

A. which B. when C. where D. what

 

【分析】 这两题的做法与上面的思路相同。

 

3) 选A；

4) 选B，when 相当于on which。

 

5)Is this library __ you often read in?

6)Is this the library __ you often read in?

 

A.the one B.in whichC.where D.which

【分析】

5) 选A；5 )句的陈述句形式为This library is _____ you often read in. 此句缺先行词，需要加上，用the one替代the library，因此选A；

6）选D。做这种题时，应先把原句变为陈述句。6）句的陈述句形式为：This is the library _____ you often read in.此题the library作in的宾语，故选D。

 

7) This is the reason __he was late.

8) This is the reason _____ can explain his coming late.

 

A. which      B. why 

C. in which  D. on which

 

 

【分析】 7) 选B，why相当于for which，作原因状语。8）选A，which在句中作主语。

 

9) He is such a good teacher ____ everyone respects and loves.

 

10) He is such a good teacher __everyone respects and loves him.

A. that   B. whom   C. as   D. who

 

  

【分析】 9) 选C。有such修饰的先行词，一般用as连接定语从句，译为“象……一样的”。10）选A，为 such … that“如此……以至于”结构。

 

11) _____ is known, light travels faster than sound.

12) _____ is known that light travels faster than sound.

13) _____ is known is that light travels faster than sound.

A. As  B. Which C. What   D. It

【分析】

这几个题学生极易混。

11）选A；11）中As代表下文所表达的内容，即light travels faster than sound。As所引导的定语从句可在句首、句中或句末，而which所引导的定语从句只可用于句中，故选As；

12）选D；12）中It为形式主语，that所引导的从句是真正的主语，故选It；

13）选C。13）中是What引导的主语从句，且主句中缺少主语，因此用What来替代。

 

 

14) He tore up my photo, ______ made me upset.

 

15) He tore up my photo and _______ made me upset.

 

A. which B. it   C. what D. where

【分析】

 

14) 选A，为非限制性定语从句，which代指He tore up my photo；

15）选B，为and连接的并列句。

 

16) She is one of the students who _______ praised at the meeting yesterday.

17) She is the only one of the students who _______ praised at the meeting yesterday.

A. was  B. were  C. is   D.

【分析与比较】 16）选B，who的先形词是the students，定语从句中谓语动词用复数；17）选A，who的先形词是the only one，定语从句中谓语动词用单数。

 

 

根据句意补全下列句子。

1. We will be shown around some places _____ visitors seldom go to.

2. We will be shown around some places ______ visitors seldom go.

3. I will never forget those years _____ I lived in the countryside with the farmers.

4. I will never forget those years ______ I spent in the countryside with the farmers.

5. There is no dictionary _____ you can find everything.

6. There is no dictionary _____ can tell you everything.

7. It is such a heavy stone _____ no one can lift.

8. It is such a heavy stone _____ no one can lift it.

9. Do you think the reason ______ he explained is believable?

10. Do you think the reason ______ he was late is believable?

11. ______ has been announced, we will have our final examination next month.

12. He passed the examination, _______ made his parents very happy.

 

1. which  2. where  3. when  4. that  5. where  6. that  7. as  8. that  9. which  10. why  11. As  12. which