必修5 Unit3  Life in the future

核心语言知识梳理

 

过去分词作状语专题附后：

 
一、必修 5  Unit 3  单元必背词汇

1. aspect n. 方面；层面
2. impression n. 印象；感想；印记
3. take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续
4. constant adj. 时常发生的；连续不断的
5. constantly adv. 不断地
6. jet n. 喷气式飞机
7. △jet lag 飞行时差反应
8. flashback  n. 闪回；倒叙
9. previous adj. 在前的；早先的
10. uncertain adj. 不确切的；无把握的
11. guide n. 指导；向导；导游 vt. 指引；指导
12. tablet n. 药片
13. △expertise n. 专家意见； 专门知识（技能等）
14. capsule n. 太空舱；胶囊
15. steward n. 乘务员；服务员
16. stewardess n. 女乘务员
17. opening  n. （出入的）通路；开口；开端
18. sideways adv. 往（向、从）一侧；侧着； 侧面朝前
19. surrounding n. 周围的事物；环境 adj. 周围的
20. tolerate   vt. 容忍；忍受
21. combination n. 结合；组合
22. lack vi. & vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺的东西
23. adjustment  n. 调整；调节
24. mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装
25. be back on one’s feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原
26. △hover vi. 盘旋
27. carriage n. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车
28. press vi. & vt. 按；压；逼迫 n. 按；压；印刷；新闻
29. fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢
30. belt n. 腰带；皮带
31. safety belt 安全带
32. lose sight of… 看不见……
33. sweep up 打扫；横扫
34. flash vt. & vi. （使）闪光；（使）闪现
35. switch n. 开关；转换 vt. 转换
36. timetable n. 时间表；时刻表
37. exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的； 疲惫不堪的
38. slide into （快捷而悄声地）移动；溜进……
39. optimistic adj. 乐观（主义）的
40. pessimistic adj. 悲观（主义）的
41. speed up 加速
42. pedal n. 踏板；脚蹬
43. alien n. 外星人；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外国的；外星球的
44. mud n. 泥（浆）
45. desert n. 沙漠；荒原
46. enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的
47. imitate vt. 模仿；仿造
48. moveable adj. 可移动的；活动的
49. citizen n. 公民；居民；市民
50. citizenship 公民身份
51. typist n. 打字员
52. typewriter n. 打字机
53. postage n. 邮资
54. postcode n. 邮政编码
55. button n. 钮锃；按钮
56. instant n. 瞬间；片刻 adj. 立即的；立刻的
57. receiver  n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒
58. efficiency n. 效率；功效
59. efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
60. ribbon  n. 丝带；带状物
61. dustbin n. 垃圾箱
62. dispose  vt. 布置；安排
63. disposal  n. 清除；处理
64. ecology n. 生态；生态学
65. greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
66. swallow vt. 吞下；咽下
67. material n. 原料；材料
68. recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
69. manufacture vt. (用机器)大量生产；成批制造
70. goods n. 货物
71. etc  . 诸如此类；等等
72. representative n. 代表；典型人物adj. 典型的；有代表性的
73. settlement n. 定居；解决
74. motivation n. 动机

二、回归课文
P.17     Reading
                FIRST IMPRESSIONS

Spacemall: liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation.com   15/11/3008 (Earthtime)
          Dear Mum and Dad,

     I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.   Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.  As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.   So I was very nervous and uncertain at first.  However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, were/was(哪个对，单数对） very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transporting / transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.
          I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?
       At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.  "Put on this mask," he advised.  "It'll make you feel much better."  He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time.  Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.
          Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic不可思议地. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
      More news later from your loving son,
           Li Qiang

 

P.22 Using Language

 

I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS

 

       My first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.

G:  Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next

instant it's sent.

instant的用法：

He paused for an instant.他停了一会儿。
I shall be back in an instant.我马上就回来。
I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it.我一听到此消息, 便通知你了。

    It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?
       During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.
G:   And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?
        I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.
G:   Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage!  However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.
         My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.

 P.58     Reading Task

 RISING TO A CHALLENGE

         Not many people have the chance of being a pioneer and experiencing a real-life adventure. But those who will go to live in this new undersea city will be able to do just that! There will be no suffering here. In fact it is so comfortable that it has been described as "a silk adventure". Among its many advantages we include: easy contact (接触) with the land surface, more personal space, complete personal security and no housework worries.
          There has been a problem in the past when companies tried to design undersea cities. The sea bottom is deep and this makes it difficult to contact the surface. This difficulty has been solved by shuttle-submarines (潜水艇), which will always be ready to take people to the surface. They will be equipped with a special small, computerized machine. All the family will be transported quickly and safely to their destination.
          Personal space is important for healthy living. But getting enough of it has been a problem ever since the population grew too large for the available land. This, too, was an important principle behind the design of Saturation City. Everyone will get twice as much personal space as in flats on land. You will be able to explore the sea-floor and float among the fish and other sea animals, learn about the undersea world and enjoy picnics on the coral reefs.
          Our organization will look after the security of all the families in Saturation City. We will check everybody who enters or leaves the city. There will also be computers throughout the city which will be able to "sense" if an object is removed from any house without permission. Only the robot cleaner will be able to move objects. This new piece of equipment will certainly make your life more enjoyable.
          Of course there will be no household worries in Saturation City. Each new well-furnished house comes with its own robot for family use only. Your details will be fed into its computer hard-drive so that it will only answer your family's commands. So a spotless house is yours as soon as you move in.
          We hope that this information is enough for you to decide to see our super top-of-the-range apartments and houses

 

三、单元核心词句语法
1. impressionn.印痕；印记；印象；感想;意念；概念

       常用结构：

a strong impression很深的印象
have an impression of sth.／doing sth. 对(做)某事有印象
make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
make no impression on 对……无影响／效果
give sb.a favorable impression 给某人留下好印象
an impression of one’s foot 某人的脚印

1. What's your impression of him?你对他的印象如何? (他给你的印象怎样?)
2. I got the impression (that) they'd just had an argument.我感到他们刚刚争论过。
3. What I said made  no impression on him.我的话对他简直不起作用。
4. What were your first impressions of London?你对伦敦的最初印象如何？
5. Your performance gave me a strong impression.你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。
6. What I said made no impression on him.我的话对他不起作用。
7. The thief had left an impression of his foot in the garden.小偷在花园中留下一个脚印。
8. It's my impression that he doesn't want to come.我好像觉得他不想来

拓展
impress   v.留下印象;
impress sth.on／upon one’s mind 把……牢记在心上

His words are strongly impressed on my memory.他的话使我深深铭记心头。
（常与on连用）使印象深刻
I impressed on him the importance of his work.我使他注意他的工作的重要性。

My father impressed on me the value of hard work.我父亲让我铭记艰苦劳动的价值。

完型填空
    She spoke very confidently because she wanted to make a great             on her employer at the first time.
A. Influence                 B. pressure
C. Impression              D. Effect
解析:选C。make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象。

 

2. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.我得不断提醒自己, 我真的到了公元3008年。
   1）remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事
reminded her of college days.使她回想起了大学里的日子
remind sb. to do sth  提醒某人做某事
must remind him to call 必须让他记着打电话
    2) 区别: remind, remember, recall
remind 指“由于受到提醒或启发而想起往事”
remember指“过去的事情仍在记忆中, 不必费劲就能想起”, 记住recall 较 remember 正式, 指“对自己或他人的  过去进行有意义的回忆”。
3．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too wany carriages flying by in all directions. 然而，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多的客车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。

   1) what looked like... 是宾语从句，做 reached 的宾语。what 在宾语从句中做主语，表示地点。要注意，别把 what 误用做 where。因为 where是连接副词，在从句中做地点状语，而 what 是连接代词，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语或定语。

    2) what 引导名词性从句时，常含有事情、状况、言语、时间和地点的意味。

   ①What surprised me most was his way of speaking.最让我吃惊的是他的说话方式。

  ——What impressed me most was his way of speaking.给我印象最深的是他的说话方式。(what 表事情)

②She is no longer what she used to be. 她不再是以前的样子了。。(what 表状况)

 

③We were all confused by what he said. 我们都被他说的话弄迷糊了。(what 表言语)

 

④He had driven for what seemed three hours. 他开车开了似乎三个小时了。(what 表时间)

 ⑤They finally reached what was called “a lonely island”．他们终于来到了一个叫“孤岛”的地方。(what 表地点)

4. lack  v.&n. 缺乏；缺少的东西

    注意：

        lack作名词时，后常接of。

        lack作动词时，既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，作不及物动词时，后常接for或in。lack不用于被动语态。

结构：
lack sth.      缺少某物
lack for sth.      缺少；需要
for/by/from/through lack of...   因缺乏……
no lack of...      不缺乏
a/the lack of ...    ……的缺乏

1) He didn’t go there because he lacked courage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。
2)The plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。
3)They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求。

4)He lacks courage.他缺乏勇气。
5)Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we have done.由于时间不够，我们只能做到这样。
6)Their actions lack consistency; they say one thing and do another."他们言行不一,说的是一回事,做的又是另一回.

 

 

            拓展
lacking   adj. 匮乏的；不足的；没有的
be lacking in 缺乏（品质、特点等）
7)Is she lacking in courage?她缺乏勇气吗?

8)She is lacking in responsibility.她不够负责任

9)She seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常识。

 

(1)完型填空
    Though             money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. Lacked                B. lacking of
C. Lacking               D. lacked in
(2)完成句子  

①因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
The trip was cancelled through              .
②他缺乏信心。
He                                           .
       解析:(1) 选C。考查分词作状语。his parents与lack之间呈主谓关系，所以应用现在分词作状语；lack作动词时不与of搭配，所以答案选C。
(2)

①lack of interest

②lacks confidence
5. sight  n. 视力；视觉；看见；光景，奇观；名胜

 

常用结构：
lose sight of 看不见；忘记；失去
catch sight of sth./sb. 看见某物/人
at first sight     初看之下；乍看起来
at (the) sight of  一看见就……
out of sight  看不见
be in sight    看得见，在眼前

Out of sight, out of mind.  眼不见,心不烦。
Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing.去年夏天我们游览了北京的名胜。
Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man’s footprint.
克鲁索看到一行人的脚印，他非常害怕。

（1）单项填空
For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree               .
A. in sight                  B. on earth
C. at a distance        D. in place
（2）完成句子   
我们失去了许多珍贵的动物。
We               several precious animals.
解析:(1) 选A。in sight为固定搭配，意为“看得到”；on earth用在疑问句或否定句中，用来加强语气，意为“究竟；到底”；at a distance意为“在远处”。
(2)have lost sight of
 6. require     vt. 需要；要求；命令

 

常用结构：
require that+主语+(should)+动词原形    需要某人做某事
require sb. to do sth.    命令某人做某事
require sth.（of sb.）   要求（某人）某事
I will do everything that is required of me.凡是要求我的事，我都会办到。
The situation requires that I（should）be there.形势需要我去那里。

提示
require后接宾语从句时，宾语从句必须用should do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。
        另外，表示“需要”，且是物作主语时，后接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义，可以等于不定式被动形式；在这一点上，need和want用法相同。
The house requires mending.
=The house requires to be mended. 房屋需要维修。
All cars require servicing regularly.所有汽车都需要定期检修。
They required him to keep it a secret.他们要求他对这事保密。

语法填空
①In competition, women are required          some of their exercises        music.

A. perform; to                B. to perform; to
C. performing; with     D. to perform; by

②All the people present agreed that the matter required            .   

A. to look into              B. being looked into
C. to be looked             D. looking into
解析:

①选B。be required to do sth.意为“被要求做某事”。第二个空的to是介词意为“随着，伴着”。
②选D。require, want, need表示“需要”，当其主语是动作的承受者时，其后的宾语常用动词不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式。
7. assist     vt.& vi. 帮助；援助；参与;出席

常用结构：
assist sb. in/with sth.     帮助(某人)某事
assist sb. in doing sth.  帮助(某人)做某事
assist sb. to do sth.       帮助(某人)做某事
assist with                     帮助(照料，做)；在……上给予帮助
I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity.有机会我愿随时帮你。
I’m afraid I can’t assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。
The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.有空时校长会帮忙做很多事。

用assist的相关短语填空
①The young nurse was very nervous when she           in her first operation.
②A team of nurses            the doctor            performing the operation.
③She employed a woman to           her           the housework.
④Good glasses will            you            read.
答案：

①was assisting  ②assisted; in
③assist; with     ④assist; to
重点短语

8. take up从事；占(时间、空间、注意力等)；继续

This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。
She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上老师了。
This chapter takes up where the last one off. 本章继续上一章的内容。

拓展
take off    脱掉（衣服等）；起飞；打折；作为折扣而减价
take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理
take apart 拆开；分开后将……分成许多部分
take for      把……视作；误认为
take...for granted     认为……是理所当然
take down     写下；记下
take back    收回(诺言)

完型填空
①In Singapore, a southeastern Asian country, the Chinese people           the largest percentage of its population, so you can speak Chinese there.           

A. make up                B. take up
C. hold up                  D. turn up
②Since the 2008 Olympic Games Beijing has taken      a new look everywhere.   
      A.Up         B. on              C. over         D. Off
解析: ①选A。考查短语辨析。make up编造; 弥补; 组成; 构成；take up拿起来; 占据(时间或空间)；hold up阻止；turn up开大; 调高; 出现。
②选B。考查短语辨析。take on呈现; take up拿起; 从事; take off脱下; take over接管。

 9. sweep up打扫；横扫

These students are sweeping up dead leaves.这些学生们正在扫(拢)落叶。
He ran forward and swept her up into his arms.他跑上前去一把将她抱在怀里。
The whole country was swept up in the excitement.全国上下都沉浸在兴奋的气氛中。
We’d better sweep up all the bits of broken glass quickly.我们最好快点把玻璃碴子扫干净。

拓展
sweep aside             放/堆到一边; 不予理会
sweep away              扫清;消灭;彻底消除
sweep off                  扫清; 吹走; 大量清除
sweep out                 扫掉; 清除
sweep over               将……一扫而光; (某种感情)掠过（……的心头）

用sweep up的适当形式填空 
①After the party, the house needed            .
②The leaves were                 into the air by the strong wind.
答案：①sweeping up  ②swept up

重点句型

10. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying,...这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，……

拓展
        flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步的状语从句中，如果谓语包含动词be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，通常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。

When asked where the toilet is, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest.当被问及厕所在哪里时，服务员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。
If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要时，你可以向警方求助。

 

翻译句子
①尽管被打死，他仍然保守秘密。
②可能的话，到机场来接我。
③过马路时，孩子们被要求停下观望，再手牵手通过。
答案:

① Even though beaten to death, he still kept the secret.
②If possible, please come to meet me at the airport.
③When crossing the road, the children are required to stop to look around and walk hand in hand.

11. ...some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.
……一些椅子就像变魔术一样从地板下面升了起来。
注意：from后面有时可接介词短语或where从句。
from under the floor 从地板下面

  拓展
from behind the door 从门后面
from under the table 从桌子底下
From under the tree the man kept an eye on the sheep.那个老人从树下留意着他的羊。

 

语法填空
    His head soon appeared out of the window,          where he saw nothing but trees. 

Where     B. which     C. there     D. from
解析:选D。该句是非限制性定语从句，尽管先行词可以表示地点，但句中强调目光的发出地，所以应用介词from+关系副词where。

 

12．Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。

  exhausted为形容词在句中做伴随状语。

①He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold , tired and hungry.他又冷又饿又累地在风雪中过了7天。

②For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，简直不能相信刚才发生的事。

③He lay on the bed, awake.他躺在床上，醒着。
④The boy lay, relaxed on the sofa.小男孩放松地躺在沙发上。

⑤Confused by the new surroundings,  I was hit by the lack of fresh air.新的环境把我弄得心烦意乱的，由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到受不了。

13. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.我很担心这次旅行, 所以头几天心里总是不踏实。
    worried about the journey 为过去分词作状语,在此处作原因状语。
    worried   adj. 焦虑的烦恼的担忧的;
    worrisome   adj. 使人烦恼的,焦虑的
14. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. 由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
    过去分词hit在句中作状语，表示与主句中动作伴随发生的状况

hit:  to have a bad effect on…对……有不良的影响
How will the new law hit the unemployed?  新颁布的法令将使失业者遭受什么样的打击？
     辨析: beat, hit与strike
beat指连续地打;;“打鼓”要用beat;“

hit侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”;

strike常指“猛地一击”。“敲锣”要用strike钟敲几点”要用strike;

“敲门”要用knock;

“比喻意思的“打击”要用give (deal) a blow to sb.

15. As a result, I suffered from “time lag”.    结果我得了时间滞后症。
       as a result (of): because of something that has happened 作为……的结果,由于
   It snowed； as a result, she was late.      天下雪, 因此她迟到了。
result from  起因于……  
result in 导致某事,造成某事(=lead to)
suffer from: to experience (something unpleasant, such as an illness), especially over a long period of time or habitually  患有(疾病等);为……所苦,因……而吃苦头。She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病

     辨析: suffer与suffer from
suffer 意为遭受苦痛,损失,忍受侮辱等,其宾语为pain, lose, grief,  punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice,  disappointment，insult,discouragement, setback；

suffer from 遭受战争,自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。
suffer from the war / the flood/ a headache… 遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病；suffer (from) cold and hunger 遭受寒冷和饥饿
(派) suffering n. 痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难
16. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样，所不同的是,它意味着你的脑海里不停地从以前的时间段一直往回闪去。
1) keep doing sth. 继续做某事
It kept raining for a week. 接连下了一星期雨。

   辨析:keep doing sth. 与keep on doing sth.
这两个短语都表示每隔一段时间就发生的动作,这时可互换;

   keep doing sth. 强调动作的连续性和客观性,而keep on doing sth.强调动作的重复性或动作执行者的决心,常含有一定的感情色彩;
17. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。
   
1）surrounding adj. 
in surrounding area
surroundings    n. 只用复数
surroundings –影响生活质素的,某地\人身边的一切事物
The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.
environment —人们所在的影响其感觉及发展的物质、社会环境;自然环境
new laws to prevent the pollution of the environment
2）tolerate   容忍；忍受
We simply cannot tolerate cheating in exams.我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为。
I cannot tolerate her rudeness.我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼。