倒装(inversion)结构讲解大全

  英语句子的自然语序是主语在前谓语动词在后。为了强调句子的某一部分而把原来的语序重新调整，通常将助动词等放在主语之前，便构成倒装。如果只是把助动词（主要是基本助动词、情态动词）放在主语之前，称为部分倒装(partial inversion)，；如果全部谓语放在主语之前，称为完全倒装（complete inversion）。（主系表结构中）只把连系动词放在主语之前也称为部分倒装；把连系动词和表语都放在主语之前，称为完全倒装。

第一节  complete inversion

一、存在倒装句：there be句型。There are many students in the classroom.

二、感叹倒装句

1. Look,       !   C

A. here the bus comes.     B. here is the bus coming

C. here comes the bus      D. here the bus is coming

注意：（1）此结构不用于进行时态。常用的谓语动词有be, come, go, lie, live, lay, seem, remain, stand等。

平衡倒句（表语开头，here, there位于句首）

2. ----Where is your dog?  C

----              

A. It is there    B. There is it.    C. There it is

3. ----Can I borrow your pen, please?   C

----Certainly,         .

A. here is it     B. here are you   C here you are

注意：（2）代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。

（二）描绘倒装句，方位词位于句首

4.           To seize the chicken.  A

A. Down flew the eagle   B. The eagle flew down

倒装与否在语法上无正误之分，但不倒装的句子则是别扭的，无表现力的。

5.      from the tenth floor when the policemen pointed their pistol at him. C

A.      Jumped down the burglar       B. Down the burglar jumped

C. Down jumped the burglar        D. Down did the burglar jump

6. The bus hit against a tree in the fog and     to the deep valley, with ten passengers killed and twenty more wounded.  D

A. down did it roll   B. down rolled it   C. it down rolled   D. down it rolled

7. Out      ，with a stick in his hand.  C

A. did he rush      B. rushed  he     C. he rushed     D. he did rush

注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。

三、新闻体倒装和表语（形容词）开头

8.       new data on the subject. C

A.      Presenting in the paper are  B. Presenting in the paper is

C. Presented in the paper are    D. presented is the paper is

Data datum的复数

Translate:

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.

Standing beside the table was an interpreter.

Present at the meeting were Prof. White, Prof. Smith and many other guests.

四、顺说倒装句，重复前句部分内容，肯定形式并用so,否定形式用 nor, neither引导

Translate: I don’t know, nor do I care.

I have finished reading the text, so has my sister.

我不知道，我也不想知道。

我已看完了课文，我姐姐也看完了。

9. I don’t deny that smoking can be harmful, but       . B

A. so lots of other habits can   B. so can lots of other habits

C. other habits can neither     D. neither can other habits

10. She never laughed,       lose her temper.    C

A. or she ever did   B. so did she ever  C. nor did she ever  D. nor she ever did

11. We don’t need air-condition,      .  A

A. nor can we afford it     B. and nor we can afford it

C. neither can afford it     D. and we can neither afford it

12. He is not under arrest,      any restriction on him. D

A. or the police placed          B. or have the police placed

C. nor the police have placed     D. nor have the police placed

13. If you don’t go to the library tomorrow,       .  A

A. neither shall I  B. nor I do   C. so do I   D. neither do I

14. “you ought to have given them some advice

“     , but who cared what I said?   D

A. So ought I  B. So I ought   C. So I have   D. So I did

15. “You forgot your purse when you went out.”  B

“Good heavens,      .”

A. so did I  B. so I did    C. I did so   D. I so did

16. “David has made great progress recently.”

“       , and       .” B

A. So he has; so you have     B. So he has; so have you.

C. So has he; so have you     D. So has he; so you have

17. The organization had broken no rules, but      had it acted responsibly. A

A. neither    B. so   C. either    D. both

该组织没有违反规定，但也不够负责。本题是由两个分句构成的并列复合句，用but连接。因此空缺处就填入表示否定意义的副词。

18. I could not persuade him to accept it,       make him see the importance of it.  D

A. if only I could not  B. no more than I could  C. or I could not  D. nor could I

我无法说服他接受它，我也无法让他认识到这件事的重要性。Nor引起的分句放在一个否定分句之后，表示“也不”，它引起的分句要倒装。If only表示“但愿”，要用虚拟意气；no more than意为“仅仅，只是”；如果用连词or的话，则句子结构应该是I could not persuade him to accept it or make him see the importance.

当so, neither, nor, no more等置于句首，表示不同主语的同样动作的肯定或否定时，须采用倒装语序。如果so引导的句子，所指与前一句是同一人或同一物，则不倒装。谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致。

五、为了保持句子平衡，或为了使上下文保持紧密衔接时。

They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.

试比较：They arrived at a farmhouse and a small boy sat in front of the farmhouse.

第二节        partial inversion

一、用于四个表示强调的句型中

1.         she realized it is too late to go home.  D  E

A. No sooner it grew dark than

B. Hardly did it grow dark when

C. Scarcely had it grown dark than

D. It was not until dark that

E. Scarcely had it grown dark when

Hardly/Barely/Scarcely+倒装句式（过去完成时）+when陈述句形式（过去时）

2. No sooner      asleep     she heard a knock at the door. B

A. has she fallen; when  B. had she fallen; than  C. did she fall; than D. did she fall; when

No sooner+倒装句式（过去完成时）+than陈述句形式（过去时）

3. Not only       interested in football but      beginning to show an interest in it.   D

A.      the teacher himself is; all his students are

B.      the teacher himself is; are all his students

C.      is the teacher himself; are all his students

D.     is the teacher himself; all his students are

Not only+倒装句式+but+主语+(also)+陈述句形式

4. Not until the game had begun       at the sports ground.  C

A. should he have arrived   B. had he arrived  C. did he arrive  D. would he have arrived

4+ Not until his father was out of prison      to school. C

A. that John could go  B. John couldn’t go  C. could John go   D. John could go

5. It was not until the teacher came          his homework.  D

A. when he finished  B. when did he finish  C. that did he finish  D. that he finished

Not until+陈述句/时间状语+倒装句式

二、用于only开头的句子

Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+倒装句式

当only及其所修饰的状语放在句首，或者是only引导的从句位于句首时，必须采用倒装结构。

如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。

Translate: Only be diligence and honest can one succeed.

Only when she came home did he learn the news.

只有靠勤奋和诚实人们才能取得成功。

当她回到了家他才知道这消息。

6.        can you expect to get a pay rise. C

A. With hard work           B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work       D. Now that he work hard

7. Only under special circumstances       to take make-up tests. A

A. are freshmen permitted          B. freshmen are permitted

C. permitted are freshmen          D. are permitted freshmen

8. Only when you realize the importance of the foreign language        them well. B

A. you can learn  B. can you learn  C. that you can learn

9. Only after liberation     to be treated as human beings. A

A. did they begin    B. they began   C. that they began   D. had they began

10.         Whether we will have our sports meet this week. C

A. Only does he know  B. Only did he know  C. Only he knows  D. Only know he

11. Only then      what “revolution” mean.  C

A. I realize    B. I do realize   C. did I realize   D. I did realize

12. Only when your identity has been checked,         .  D

A. you are allowed in     B. you will be allowed in

C. will you allow in      D. will you allowed in

13. Only when the war was over      to his hometown.  A

A. did the young soldier return     B. the young soldier return

C. returned the young soldier      D. the young soldier did return

14. Only in this way      to make improvement in the operating system. C

A. you can hope  B. you did hope   C. can you hope  D. did you hope

三、某些否定词位于句首

表示否定意义的副词、连词及词组置于句首

这些词和词组有:never, little, few, seldom, at no time（任何时候都不）, in no way（任何方法都不）, on no account（无论如何，决不）, nowhere（任何地方都不）, nobody, no only, not until, under/in no circumstances（在任何情况下都不）, in no case（在任何情况下都不）, not, rarely等。

Translate: Nowhere in the world can one find more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.

世界上任何地方的风景都不如瑞士的风景迷人。

15.         will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.   B

A. At the same time B. At no time  C. At a time   D. At that time

16. We have been told that under no circumstances       the telephone in the office for personal affairs. A

A. may we use  B. we may use  C. we could use   D. did we use

我们被告知，在任何情况下都不能因私事而使用办公室的电话。本题含有否定意义的倒装under no circumstance，句子要部分倒装。

17. The old couple have been married forty years and never once       with each other. C

A. they had quarreled  B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

18. Not a single song       at yesterday’s party. C

A. she sang   B. sang she    C. did she sing   D. she did sing

19. Never before       in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.  A

A. has this city been  B. this city has been  C. was this city  D. this city was

20. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life     so happy.   D

A. did I feel     B. I felt     C. I had felt    D. had I felt

21. Never before        such a silly man. C

A. I have seen  B. I saw     C. have I seen    D. did I seen

22. Rarely       such a stupid thing.  A

A. have I heard of   B. I have heard of   C. I had heard of   D. had I heard of

23. Little       about his own health though he was very ill.  B

A. he cared   B. did he care   C. has he cared   D. he would care

24. Nowhere else along the coast        such shallow water so far from land.  A

A. is there   B. there is      C. it is     D. is it

25. On no account       such a silly decision.  A

A. will we agree to  B. we will agree to  C. will we agree with  D. we will agree with

四、在so+形容词/副词…that……结构中，或such, often, well, bitterly, gladly等表程度的副词于句首时，so, often等所引导的句子要采用倒装结构。

如果so/such位于句首修饰主语时则不用倒装。

26. So confused      that he didn’t know how to start his lecture. D

A. since he became   B. would he become    C. that he became    D. did he became

他十分迷惑，以致不知该如何开始讲座。

27. So difficult        it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.  D

A. I have felt  B. have I felt  C. I did felt   D. did I fell feel

28. So little       with each other that the neighbouring coutries could not settle their differences.  C

A. they agreed  B. agreed they   C. did they agree   D. they did agree

29. So fast      that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. C

A. light travels     B. travels light   C. does light travel  D. has light traveled

30.   about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.  D

A. How curious the couple were     B. So curious the couple was

C. The couple was such curious     D. So curious were the couple

31. Gladly       more if I could get better service by doing so.  A

A. would I pay    B. did I pay    C. I have paid     D. I had paid

32. So involved with their computer       that leaders at summer computer campers often have to force them to break for sports and games.  D

A. the children become      B. become the children

C. the children do become   D. do the children become

33. So       that no fish can live in it.   C

A. the river is polluted  B. polluted the river is C. polluted is the river D. is the river polluted

 

五、to such a degree/an extent/lengths位于句首时

Translate: To such lengths did he go on with his windy speech that some of us began to doze.

So touching was her speech that everyone was moved to tears.

他空洞的演讲如此冗长，以致我们中的一些人开始打瞌睡。

她的演讲非常动人，使大家感动得流泪了。

To such an extent 到如此程度     To what/such a degree 到什么/如此程度

To such extremes  到如此（极端的）程度  To such length(s) 到这种（详细的）的地步

六、省略if的虚拟条件倒装句

（一）、Had/Were/ Should+主语+其他成分

时间	从句谓语形式	主句谓语形式
虚拟现在时 （与现在事实相反）	过去式 （be: were）	Should(would, could, might)+V
虚拟过去时 （与过去事实相反）	had P.P.（过去分词）	Should(would, could, might)+have+Ved
虚拟将来时 （与将来事实相反）	一般过去式 were to +原形 should +原形	同1

34   before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.  D

A. Had they arrive    B . would they arrive  C. Were they arriving  D. Were they to arrive

     如果他们在我们后天离开之前到达的话，大家就可以举行一次美妙的晚宴了。结合选项和主句we should have 可知本句是虚拟条件从句，从时间状语the day after tomorrow可知，本题是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。因此从句的谓语应用”should/were to+V.”同时，从句省略了连词 if，就将should或were移至句首，形成倒装。

35. They would certainly have come and helped us       time.    B

   A. did they have     B. had they had 

  C. had they have     D. would they have

36．        he come late, give him the message.   B

  A. had     B. should      C. Would     D. Did

37．       today, he would get there by Friday.    C

   A. Would he leave      B. Were he leaving 

  C. Were he to leave    D. Had he left

（二）、Were it not for/Had it not been for+名词 要不是……

  同现在的事实相反，  同过去的事实相反

38．       for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand.  B

A. Not being   B. Had it not been  C. Without being   D. Not having been

    从主句的谓语可知，本题是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语应用过去完成时。又因为省略了连词if，故应将 had移至句首形成倒装结构。

七、让步状语从句

    形容词/名词（不加冠词）/分词/动词/副词+as/though主语+系动词/情态动词/助动词/谓语动词

在由as. Though. However, no matter how, what等引导的让步状语从句中，以及在省略了whether或though的虚拟让步状语从句中，要采用倒装语序。

Translate: However hard I try, I cannot understand this question.

         Come what may, I’ll always stand by you.

         Much as he likes physics, he likes mathematics better.

尽管费了好大的劲，我仍然不理解这个问题。

不管发生什么事，我将永远支持你。Come what may相当于whatever may come，为一固定用法，须倒装。

他虽然喜欢物理，但他更喜欢数学。

39.        ,he does get annoyed with her sometimes.  C

A. As he likes her much          B. Although much he likes her 

C. Much as he likes her          D. Much although he likes her

虽然他很喜欢他，但他有时也觉得她很烦。Although不能用于倒装语序，只有as和though才能被放在much之后，形成倒装结构，表示让步，much在句中作状语。

40.      , I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.  C

A. As long as I have traveled    B. Now that I have traveled so much

C. Much as I have traveled      D. As I have traveled so much

41.     , you can’t lift the heavy box up. B

A.      Even you’re strong  B. Strong as you are  C. How strong you are  D. As you’re strong

42.           , he knows a lot of things.  B

A. A child as he is   B. Child as he is  C. A child as is he  D. Child as is he

43. Money,        , has been the least of our worries. A

A. important though it is  B. so important it is  C. important if it is D. it is important though

44.       , I couldn’t lift the box.  D

A. As I might try  B. Try although I might  C. As try I might   D. Try as I might

八.用于 as和than引导的状语从句

45. Flying demands a much greater supply of energy than  most other forms of transportation. D

A. is    B. has    C. that    D. do

九、用于the…, the…，表示“越……越……”

Translate:

The more grain we produce, the greater will be our achievement.

The greater the number of molecules present in the vapor, the large will be the number which returns to the liquid.蒸气里的分子数愈大，回到液体内的分子数也愈大。

十、宾语置于句首的倒装

This they do partly for ornament and partly to keep the flies off. (装饰，修饰)

What will become of him, no one can tell.

十一、宾语补足语提前的倒倒装，但宾语是人称代词时则不能倒装。

He made clear his strong objection to the proposals. （异议，拒绝；）

He considers impossible what is really possible.

We broke the open.  We broke open the door.

We broke it open.    Wrong: We broke open it.

十二、主语修饰语后置的倒装

The time had come to decorate the house for Christmas.

He is a fool who cannot be angry, but he is a wise man who will not.

十三、用于几个特殊结构的让步状语从句

Translate:

1.       Be+主语+ ever so+形容词表示：无论怎样

Be a man so clever, he know nothing if he doesn’t learn.

Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.

2.       Be+主语+A or B 表示：无论是A还是B

All magnets behave the same, be they small or large.

3.       动词+wh-词+ will/may表示：无论

Come what may, we must remain cheerful.

Go where you will, you cannot succeed without perseverance.(坚忍不拔的意志)

十四、宾语从句为直接引语的句子位于句首时；主语是代词时，一般不倒装。

“Let’s go,” said the man.

“let’s go”, he said.

十五、用于某些祝愿性的句子！

May+主语+主动词”

May you succeed!    May you always be happy!

Long live +主语句型,不管后面的主语是单数还是复数，Long live 保持不变。

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

Long live our socialist motherland!