必修二Unit 1  Cultural relics 词汇句型语法

一、单元基本词汇

1. cultural文化的
   

2. relic遗物．遗迹；纪念物
   

3. rare 稀罕的；稀有的，珍贵的
   

4. valuable 贵重的 有价值的
   

5. survive 幸免；幸存 生还
   

6. vase 花瓶.瓶
   

7. dynasty 朝代 王朝
   

8. ivory 象牙
   

9. dragon 龙
   

10. amber  琥珀；琥珀色
    

11. in search of 寻找
    

12. amaze 吃惊，惊讶
    

13. amazing令人吃惊的
    

14. select 挑选；选择
    

15. honey 蜜.蜂蜜
    

16. design设计．图案．构思 vt 设计计划．构思
    

17. fancy奇特的．异样的 想象；设想，爱好
    

18. style风格．风度．类型
    

19. decorate装饰．装修
    

20. jewel 珠宝.宝石
    

21. artist艺术家
    

22. belong属于.为的一员
    

23. belong to 属于
    

24. in return 作为报答．回报
    

25. troop群.组.军队
    

26. reception 接待，招待会．接收
    

27. at war 处于交战状态
    

28. remove移动；搬开
    

29. less than 少于
    

30. wooden 木制的
    

31. doubt怀疑．疑惑 vt 怀疑不信
    

32. mystery 神秘．神秘的事物
    

33. former以前的.从前的
    

34. worth值得的，相当于…的价值.价值．作用值钱的rebuild重建
    

35. local本地的；当地的
    

36. apart分离地，分别地
    

37. take apart 拆开
    

38. painting绘画；画
    

39. castle城堡
    

40. trial审判．审讯，试验
    

41. eyewitness 目击者； 证人
    

42. evidence 根据，证据
    

43. explode爆炸
    

44. entrance 入口
    

45. sailor水手；海员；船员
    

46. sink 下沉；沉下
    

47. maid少女．女仆
    

48. Berlin柏林（德国首都）
    

49. think highly of 看重；器重
    

50. informal非正式的
    

51. debate争论；辩论
    

二、单元要点预览

词汇 部分	词语 辨析	1. select / choose / elect / pick 2. country / nation / state / land 3. missing / lost / gone 4. former / previous 5. find / find out / discover
	词形 变化	1.value n. 价值	valuable adj. 贵重的; 很有价值的	valueless adj. 无价值的; 没有用处的
		2. survive v. 继续生存或存在	survival n. 存活; 幸存	survivor n. 幸存者
		3. decorate v.  装饰	decoration  n.  装饰; 装潢	decorative adj.  装饰的; 作装饰用的
	重点 单词	1. fancy adj. 不寻常的; 精致的; v. 想; 以为; 想像 2. consider vt. 考虑；认为 3. wonder n.惊奇，奇迹；不知道……(想知道) 4. doubt n.怀疑；不确定； 不信任；v.对……无把握，怀疑 5. worth adj.值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值; n.价值; 用处
	重点 词组	1.      in return 回报,作为报酬 2.      rather than不是别的，而是…… 3.      think highly of 看重；高度评价
重点句子		1. Frederick William I，the King Of Prussia，could never have imagined that his Greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history． 2. Later，CatherineⅡhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peters-burg where she spent her summers．
重点语法		限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 （见语法部分）

三、词语辨析 

1. select / choose / elect / pick

【解释】 这些动词均含有“选择”之意。 select   强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重以客观为标准进行选择。 choose  普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。 elect   指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。 pick   口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”，有时含有“任意选择”的意思。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Please ____a good book for me. 2). She ______a diamond ring from the collection. 3). We ______our monitor by a show of hands. 4). She ______the red sweater rather than the pink one. Keys:  1). pick     2). selected        3). elected    4). chose

2. country / nation / state / land

【解释】 country主要是指主权的、统一的国家，往往侧重于疆土，是中性词，有时是指全国的人民，   country还可指与城市相对的农村； nation也可以指国家，比state更为庄重，所以联合国用的是the United Nations，但有时侧重于指“人民，国民”，同时，nation也可以指“民族”； state是政权意义上的“国家，政府”，state还可以指“州”； land是指国土意义上的国家，是一种文学用语，多见于诗歌中。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). After many years abroad，she wanted to return to her ________. 2). The President spoke on TV to the _________. 3). The Jewish ________ is scattered around the world. 4). The US is divided into 50 _________. 5). We returned to the ________ where she was born. 1). country  2). nation  3). nation  4). states 5). land

3. missing / lost / gone

【解释】 missing:  “丢失的, 缺少的”, 强调不在场 lost: 过去分词,  “失去的, 丧失的” gone: 过去分词, “过去的,不在的,丢了”,常作表语和补语

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Five people were _______. 2). The boat and all the men were ___ in the storm. 3). My pain in the leg is ____ now. Keys: 1). missing     2). lost          3). gone

4. former / previous

【解释】 former  是latter的反义词，对比意味强。 previous 指时间上、顺序上较早 ，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。

5. find / find out / discover

【解释】 find out     经过努力有意去 “找”, “打听”, “弄清楚” 。 find       “找到,发现”, 强调结果。 discover   发现本来就存在但未被人所知的事物, 地方, 思想等。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). I’ve _____ the book I was looking for. 2). Please _______ what time they are coming. 3). Columbus _________ the New World in 1492. Keys:    1). found           2). find out     3). discovered

Ⅱ 词性变化

1.value n. 价值	valuable adj. 贵重的; 很有价值的	valueless adj. 无价值的; 没有用处的
2. survive v. 继续生存或存在	survival n. 存活; 幸存	survivor n. 幸存者
3. decorate v.  装饰	decoration  n.  装饰; 装潢	decorative adj.  装饰的; 作装饰用的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1)     The jawbone was our most _________ discovery. (value) 2)   They have ordered software to the _______ of 700. (value) 3）   He thinks our advice is _________, so he won’t take it. ((value)) 4）   Many strange customs have __________ from earlier times. (survive)       5）   This ceremony is a _________ from pre-Christian times. (survive) 6）   She is the only ________ in the accident. (survive) 7)     When will they finish the ________ of the bathroom? (decorate) 8)    The building was _________ with flags. (decorate) 9).   The coloured lights are very _________. (decorate) 1) valuable  2) value  3) valueless  4) survived  5) survival 6) survivor   7) decoration   8) decorated   9). decorative

Ⅲ 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. fancy adj. 不寻常的; 精致的; v. 想; 以为; 想像

[典例]

1). That's a very fancy pair of shoes! 那是一双非常别致的鞋!

2). I fancy (that) it's going to rain today. 我看今天要下雨

[重点用法]

fancy that…以为是……                                 

fancy (sb’s) doing…想像（某人）做某事

fancy oneself      自负；自命不凡                    

fancy sb. to be / as 想象/认为某人会成为……

2. consider  vt. 考虑；认为

[典例]

1). We are considering going to Canada, ie we may go there. 我们正考虑到加拿大去。

2). We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要。

[重点用法]

consider doing sth./sth.考虑做某事

consider sb./sth. as / to be…

consider it +形容词+ to do sth….认为做某事是……

considering…考虑到……

3. wonder n.惊奇，奇迹；不知道……(想知道)

[典例]

1). They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已。

2). I wonder who he is. 我不知道他究竟是谁。

[重点用法]

wonder +从句“自忖……，自问……，不知道……(想知道)”

wonder +if从句“请问您是否……”（用于礼貌地提出请求）

wonder at对……感到惊奇

4. doubt n.怀疑；不确定； 不信任；v.对……无把握，怀疑

[典例]

1). He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。

2). I doubt whether he'll come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。

[重点用法]

There is no doubt about sth./ that ….毫无疑问……

without doubt确定地；无疑地

I don’t doubt that …我肯定……（=I’m sure/certain that…）

I doubt if/whether …我不确定……（=I’m not sure/certain if/whether…）

[练习] 中译英

1). 不知道那是不是他想要的。I doubt if that was what he wanted.

2). 那件事情没有什么可疑之处。There's not much doubt about it.

5. worth adj.值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值; n.价值; 用处

[典例]

1). The new car cost a lot of money, but it's certainly worth it. 买这辆新汽车花了很多钱, 但确实物有所值。

2). The thieves stole 1 million worth of jewellery. 窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝。

[重点用法]

be worth doing sth值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值

worth of sth用于表示数量﹑ 持续时间等的名词之后，值某金额的量

[练习] 中译英

1). 这本书值得一读。The book is worth reading/It's worth reading the book.

2). 他有十英镑的汽油。He has ten pounds' worth of petrol.

Ⅳ 重点词组  （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. in return 回报,作为报酬

[典例]

What can we do for them in return for all the help they have given us?                             

我们将怎样来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢?

[短语归纳]

in turn 轮流地,依次; 反过来                      

by turns 轮流地,时而…时而…

[练习] 中译英

1). 我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助。I bought him a drink in return for his help.

2). 向您献花聊表谢忱。These flowers are a small return for your kindness.

2. rather than不是别的，而是……

[典例]

1). I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮, 不想喝咖啡.

2). It's management that's at fault rather than the work-force. 错在资方而不在劳方. 

 [短语归纳]

would rather do sth…than do sth…宁愿做……；而不愿做……=prefer doing…to doing…)

other than = except for除了……； 而非

[练习] 中译英

1). 他是跑来的而不是走来的。He ran rather than walked.

2). 她除了他以外没有好朋友。She has no close friends other than him.

1.      think highly of = have a good opinion of看重；高度评价

[典例]

They think highly of your work abilities. 他们对你的工作能力评价很高。

[短语归纳]

What do you think of sb./ sth.?你认为某人/物怎么样？      

think much/well of对……评价良好

think nothing of对……无所谓；不把……当回事             

think badly/poorly of对……评价不高

think of sb./ sth. as…把……某人/物当作……

V 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. Frederick William I，the King Of Prussia，could never have imagined that his Greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history．普鲁士国王胖特烈·威廉一世．怎么也不会想到他送给俄罗斯人的厚礼会有这样一段令人吃惊的历史。

此句中含有“could + have done”结构，用来表示对过去发生的事情的推测、批评、反悔等。它用在不同的句式中，表达的含义不同。

1)用于疑问句中，表示对行为可能性的推测。如：

Could he have been told the news?他被告知这个消息了吗?

2)用于陈述句和肯定句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“本来能够去做却没有做”。否定句表示对过去事实的推测。如：

--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York．在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。

--- Oh，did you? You could have stayed with Barbara．是吗?你本来能够和巴巴拉在一起的。

2. Later，CatherineⅡhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peters-burg where she spent her summers．后来，捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。

1)此句是一个含有关系副词引导的定语从句的主从复合句。主句中的谓语had the Amber Room moved是have sth．done结构，该结构中done是过去分词作补语，意为“使某事被做”“让别人做某事”，而不是主语自己做。

例如：

1) I had my hair cut yesterday．昨天我理发了。

2)where she spent her summers为定语从句，修饰先行词St Petersburg，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。又如：

This is the place where 1 was born．这是我的出生地。

[练习] 中译英

1). 我要去医院检查眼睛。I’ll go to the hospital to have my eyes examined (by the doctor).

2). 我不知道他们碰头的确切地点。don't know the exact place where they will meet．

课文要点

1课文词汇等填空（

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

The Amber Room,   1   (装饰) with gold and jewels, is one of the great   2   (wonderful) of the world. Frederick William I ,  3   whom it belonged , decided to give it to Russian people  4   a gift.   5   (sad), although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders , it is  6   (miss) now and its story remains   7   (神秘的).

答案：1. decorated 2. wonders 3. to  

4. as  5. Sadly    6. missing     7. mysterious

3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）

1. 【原句】Frederick William l, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

[模仿要点] 句子结构: 主语，＋加插入，谓语＋ 宾语从句

【模仿1】我们的老师John没想到他所给的例子会跟入学考试有关。John, our teacher, could never have thought that the example that he gave to his students would have relation with the entrance exam.

【模仿2】我的母亲，我生命中最重要的人，一直坚信我终有一天会取得成功的。My mother, the most important person in my life, always believes that I will succeed one day.

 

2.【原句】 This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。

 [模仿要点] 句子结构:名词 + 非限制定语从句 + 原因状语从句

【模仿1】礼物是一辆小汽车，我拒绝接受是因为它太昂贵了，而且，我没有必要开车去学校。The gift is a car, which I refused to accept because it is too expensive to me, in addition, I don’t need to drive a car to school.

【模仿2】2008奥运会开幕式是极大的成功，它使世界感到震惊，因为它巧妙地把中国的历史成就和未来之梦结合在一起呈现给世界。The opening ceremony of 2008 Olympics is a great success, which shocks the world because it has wonderfully combined Chinese historic achievements with dreams of future and showed them to the world.

3．【原句】There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。

[模仿要点] 句子结构: There is no doubt that + which + at that time+ 定语从句

【模仿1】毫无疑问我在家乡度过的童年时期，自行车对我作用非常大，当其时我的家乡是长江边的一个小城市。There is no doubt that bikes were very useful in my childhood in my hometown , which was at that time a small city on the bank of the Yangzi River.

【模仿2】毫无疑问这幅唐代的画价值连城，它为当时的一位名家所画。There is no doubt that the Tang Dynasty picture is priceless, which was at that time painted by a famous painter.