As定语从句、状语从句归纳总结
(2011-06-15 11:36:23)
标签:
as定语从句归纳总结教育 |
分类: 语法专家 |
As从句归纳总结
一、As 引导定语的特点
在定语从句中,一般的从句关系代词是which、who、whom、that、 whose, 其代替主句中的人或物,在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。而学生在学习过程中,常会遇到as作为关系代词出现,学生对as定语从句多有疑惑,现对as作为关系代词引导定语从句的情况做一归纳, 以供参考.
一)as引导限制性定语从句
主要结构有:
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the same…as
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as…as
-
such…as
-
so…as
主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词,需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
二、引导非限制性定语从句
1.
1)
2)
3)
2.
be said/known/announced/reported
be mentioned/expected/discussed
1) Grammar , as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.语法,就像以前所说,不是一套死规则。
2) As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China .
3)
As
3.
1) as has been said above 如上所说
2) as anybody can see正像每个人所看到的那样
3) as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样
4) Things are not always as they appear.事情并不一直像他们表面那样。
5) The boy has as much progress as we had expected.正像我们所预料的那样,这个男孩取得了大的进步。
二) As 引导的定语从句与which引导的定语从句的区别
(一)在限制性定语从句中的区别:
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1) The radio which he bought yesterday doesn't work now. 他昨天买的收音机现在坏了。引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做宾语,代指物,故用which.
2) Can you lend me the book which was written by Lun Xun. 你能借我那本由鲁迅所写的书吗?
引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语,代指物,故用which.
3) This is the park which is the most beautiful one in our city. 这是我们这个城市最漂亮的公园。引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语,代指物,故用which.
4) This is the map by which we can get to the forest. 这是张地图,借助它我们能到达那个森林。引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语,代指物,故用which.
二)在非限制性定语从句中的区别:
①在从句中通常做主语代指整个主句,
②表示的意思是正如、正象
③其引导的定语从句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
1) The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know. 太平洋是最大的洋,这一点我们都知道(正如我们所知到的,太平洋是最大的洋)。
2) As we expect, we won the game. 我们赢了,这一点在我们预料之中。(正如我们预料的一样,我们赢了)。
3) The earth is round, as we all know. 地球是圆的,这一点我们都知道。(正如我们所知到的一样地球是圆的)引导非限制性定语从句的as在从句中做know的宾语,其代指整个主句。
4) As is known to
all, he is the best student in our class.
①关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,代指物。
②当代指整个主句时表示的意思是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。
③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
1) Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. Tom突然病倒,这使得我们很伤心。Which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语,其代指整个主句,主从句的关系是因果关系,因为他的病,所以我们伤心。
2) The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太滑了,以至于引起了很多事故。Which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语,其代指整个主句,主从句的关系是因果关系,因为路滑,所以出事。
3) He was angry, which made him cry.他太生气了以至于他哭了起来。Which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语,其代指整个主句,主从句的关系是因果关系,因为生气,所以哭。
二. as
引导的状语从句
As she was not well, I went there alone. 因为她身体不好,所以我独自到那里去了。
As he is a
tailor, he knows what to do with this material.
由于他是个裁缝,他知道怎样利用这块布料。
As / Since you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.
As he wasn't ready in time, we went without
him.
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子,但他知道的东西很多。
Hard as it was raining, they went on working in the field. 虽然天下大雨,但他们继续在田地里干活。
3. as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”,引导方式状语从句,从句置于主句之后。例如:
You should do as the teacher tells you.你应当依照老师所说的去做。
The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth. 空气的不存在,也说明了为什么在空中星星看来并不闪烁,而不像从地球上看的那样。
He speaks English as Americans do.
Remember, you must do everything as I do.
4. as表示“像……一样”,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,说明它们之间有相似之处,在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例如:
He doesn't work as hard as I (do). 他不像我工作那样努力。
I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。
They helped the old man as often as possible.
I don't speak English so/ as well as he does.
As I waited at the stop, I heard a big noise. 当我在车站等车的时候,我听到一个很大的声响。
She rose up as
he entered. 当他进来时,她站了起来。
as作从属连词用时,可以引导五种状语从句。现归纳如下:
我打算去邮局。——当你在邮局的时候,请帮我买几张邮票好吗?
误:I’m going to the post office.—As you are there, can you get me some stamps?
正:I’m going to the post office.—While you are there, can you get me some stamps?
1.
作当……的时候,引导时间状语从句。注意与when、 while的用法区别。
① when作当……的时候解,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。如:
When he was at college, he could speak several foreign
languages.
When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the street went
out.
② while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。如:
Work while you work. Play while you play.
■正因为 as
引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”“在……期间”时,从句的谓语不能是表示状态或静态意义的动词,所以当下面第一句变为第二句这样的状语从句时,不能再用
as,而应用 when:
A) 用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指一边……,一边……。如:
The girl dances as she sings on the stage.
He looked behind from time to time as he went forward.
B)表示两个同步发展的动作或行为,译为随着……。如:
As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.
As children get older, they become more and more interested in the
things around them.
C)表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。如:
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.
Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.
D) 后接名词表示某一年龄段时,用as。如:
As a young man, he was active in sports.