alive,living的用法区别
(2009-09-27 20:03:17)
标签:
aliveliving用法区别杂谈 |
分类: 词语辨析 |
alive,living的用法区别
这两个词都表示“活着的”、“有生命的”(having life)意思,词义相同,但用法有所不同。
一、Alive是表语形容词,放在to be,及其它联系动词之后作表语用,不能放在它所说明的名词之前。活跃的,“活着的”、“有生命的”; 仍然存在的;仍然进行着的;继续活动的, 继续有效的; 运行中的;例如
- The old man is still alive. 老人还活着。
- The fish we caught is still alive.我们捉的鱼还活着。
- In most cases, both parents were still alive and still married to each other.大多数情况下,他们的父母都还活着,而且仍然保持着婚姻关系。
- Although old, she is still very much alive.她虽已年迈,但仍很活跃。
- The argument was kept alive by the politicians.政治家们还在继续争论那件事。
- The fish we caught is still alive.我们所捕的鱼还活着。
- He is alive with enthusiasm.他热情奋发。
- The news of victory kept us alive in excitement.胜利的消息使我们兴奋。
- The lake was alive with fish.这湖中有很多鱼。
二、Living既可用作表语形容词,又可用作定语形容词,故可放在它所修饰的名词之前。
我们既可以说:
- English is a living language.
- Is his father still living?
- Shelly was still living
when Keats died.济慈死时, 雪莱还在世。
就使用场合而言,alive大都用于人,有时用作比喻或强调时也用于物。例如: - Given the chance to sing on stage,he is very much alive. 有机会在台上唱歌,他显得很活跃。
- The bazaar was all alive by the time we arrived. 我们到达时,墟市非常热闹。
Living则人物共用。
就词性而言,alive只能用作形容词,不能作名词;living既可作形容词,又可作名词。例:
- Many people were burnt alive in the conflagration that happened in a multi-storeyed building.在一幢多层大厦内发生的大火中,很多人被活活烧死。
- The spy was caught alive though he died from wounds the next day.特务被活捉, 不过第二天便因重伤而死。
- Our living standards are rising steadily.我们的生活水平在不断提高。
- Those who enjoy a good living seldom understand the suffering of the poor.过着美好生活的人一般都不明白穷人所受之苦。
在某些场合下,living和alive表示的涵义并不相同,尽管它们都用作表语。例如:
At last we found him in a trap in the forest,still living but not alive.
通过对比,可以看出,living之意是“活的”;alive 之意是“有气息的”。这里的not alive表示人虽然还活着,但已“气息奄奄”、“没有生气”了。
Alive有时尚可表示“alert”“感觉到的”、“敏感的”涵义。如:
He is alive to the imminent danger. 他感觉到那迫在眉睫的危险。