动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别

        英语中有的及物动词只能跟动名词作宾语；有的及物动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语；但也有及物动词的宾语既是动名词又是动词不定式。朋友们在学习中应注意其区别：

一、在want，decide，promise，refuse，agree，wish，hope，expect等及物动词后面的宾语只能是动词不定式，不是动名词。如：

1.I want to have a talk with her.我想跟她谈谈。

2.Our teacher decided to stay with us.老师决定留下来与我们在一起。

3.My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。

4.My mother refused to go there with us.我妈妈拒绝和我们一起去那里。

 

二、在一些动词后要求只跟动名词作宾语：

 

1、在finish，enjoy，mind  suggest，practise，admit 承认   advise 建议  

allow 允许appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，consider 考虑，delay 推迟，deny 否认，discuss 讨论，dislike 不喜欢，enjoy 喜爱，escape 逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy 设想，finish 完成，forbid 禁止，forgive 原谅，give up 放弃，imagine 想像，keep 保持，mention 提及，mind 介意  miss 没赶上，pardon 原谅，permit 允许，practise 练习，prevent 阻止，put off 推迟，report 报告，risk 冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 理解，

1.I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。

2.I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。

3.Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想像你是在月球上。

4.He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。

5.You shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 你不应老想着这事。

6.Would you mind going with her? 你可否同她一起去?

7.I can’t understand neglecting children like that. 对孩子那样毫不经心，我不能理解。

8.We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。

9.Would you mind opening the window?打开窗好吗？

10.These books are well worth reading.这些书值得读。

11.My mother couldn't help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。

12.My father has given up smoking.我父亲戒烟了。

13.Everyone in my class enjoys playing football.我班人人喜欢踢足球。

14.Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

15.The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month.

16.Would you mind opening the window?

17.The murderer denied killing the rich man.

18.I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.

 

2、有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。

         这样的短语动词常见的有：

insist on, be worth，give up，object/objection to，put off，

keep on，insist on，leave off，

look forward to，think of, can't help, be/get used to, spend...in ,

can’t stand 忍不住； ；

feel like 想，欲；　give up 放弃；

put off 推迟,can’t help 忍不住，等。如：

1. Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight?

2. Chinese people are looking forward to holding the 27th Olympic games.

3. I am used to going to bed late and getting up late.

4. The professor was quite used  to students' being late for his lecture.

5. I have no objection to hearing your story again.

6. He put off making a decision till he had more information.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。

7. Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？

8. We are looking forward to coming to China.我们期待着来中国。

9. We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难。

 

3、在一些特别的句子结构中要求使用动名词：

 

1. have  problem (+in) + 动名词，

2. have fun  (+in) + 动名词，

3. have difficulty in doing sth.,

4. have trouble/a hard time in doing sth.;

5. be busy (in) + 动名词；

6. waste time (in) + 动名词；

7. lose time (in) + 动名词；

        以上动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。例如：

   The children are busy doing their homework.。孩子们忙于做作业。

 

4、在下列结构中动名词作主语。

 

“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。

there be no need + 动名词,

There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中，

• There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。
• There is no denying that she is very efficient.　　她效率高是不容否认的。

5、当动名词做主语时，我们常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾，特别要注意如下结构：

 

1. It is useless (no use, no good, fun, no harm, a waste of time, a good pleasure) doing...

2. It is a waste of time doing...

3. It is worthwhile doing...【例如】

• It is no use crying over spilt milk.
• It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.
• It is no good leaving today's work for tomorrow.

6、动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时，表示被动的意思。【例如】

 

1. My shoes need mending.

2. The following language points deserve mentioning.

3. This matter demands discussing.

4. Your hair wants cutting.

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。

It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。

It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。

It is useless speaking.光说是没有用的。

 

三、在begin，start，like，hate，等及物动词后，既可用动名词作宾语又可用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同。

  1、在like后用动名词作宾语，表示“习惯或爱好”，时间不明确。其后接动词不定式作宾语，表示“喜欢要做的某一特定动作”，时间明确。如：

 1）He likes playing basketball.她喜欢打篮球。（爱好）

 2）We don't like to play football today.我们今天不想踢足球。（指活动）

 

2、在like，hate后接动名词作宾语时，动名词这个动作的发出者，可能是句子的主语或者是指其他人。如：

 

  1）My friend likes singing.我的朋友喜欢唱歌。（可能自己喜欢唱，也可能喜欢别人唱）

  2）My friend likes to sing.我朋友喜欢唱。（自己唱）

  3）I hate to smoke.我不喜欢吸烟。（指自己不吸烟）

  4）My mother hates smoking.我母亲反对吸烟。（自己不吸，也反对别人吸）

 

3  在begin，start后接动名词作宾语，表示有意识地“开始”；接动词不定式表示无意识地“开始”。如：

   1）She began to study Chinese after she came to Chine.她来中国后就开始学汉语。（并非主观意识）

   2）He began teaching himself Japanese in 2000.他自2000年开始自学日语。（主观意识）

   3）My teachers started travelling a long way from Shanghai to Beijing.老师们从上海至北京开始了长途旅行。

   4）It started to rain at ten last night.昨晚十点开始下起雨来。（没主观意识）

 

四、在部分动词后用动名词作宾语或不定式（不再是宾语）意思是不同的：

 

1、在stop、try、can’t help 、go on, remember，forget, forgive后面用动名词或to do 不定式意思不一样。

       在stop后面用动名词说明动名词所表示的动作终止；用动词不定式不再是宾语，是作目的状语，以表示动词不定式所表示动作的开始。如：

  1）They stopped talking as soon as they say me.他们一看见我，就停止了谈话。（talking终止）

  2）They stopped to talk with me as soon as they saw me.一看见我，他们就停下来与我交谈。（开始了to talk with me）

2、当remember，forget，regret后面用动名词作宾语时，动名词一般指早于这些动作而发生的动作；用动词不定式时，一般使晚于这些动作而发生的动作。如：

  1）I remembered seeing him somewhere.我记得在什么地方见过他。（seeing早于remember发生）

  2）I remembered to see the film。我记得要看这部电影。（remember发生时，to see还未发生）

  3）I forgot teaching the students the words.我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过）

  4）I forgot to teach the students the words。我忘了教学生们这些词。

 

       

五、使用动名词的注意事项：

(1) 有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。如：

1. The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能来。

2. Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。

(2) 有的动词(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：

1. He advised buying a computer. 他建议买台电脑。

2. He advised her to buy a computer. 他建议她买台电脑

(3) 有些动词(如consider, understand, discuss等)虽不接不定式作宾语，却可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如：

1.   Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?

2.   She doesn’t understand how to look after him. 她不知道应如何照顾他。

3.   We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。

 

(4)动名词作介词宾语

 

　　动名词作介词宾语，并且和介词构成介词短语。

　　【例如】

　　She left without saying anything to us. Man's dream of landing on the moon came true in 1968.

I am afraid of being punished by the teacher.

Ann never dreams of ____for her to be sent abroad very soon.

A) there being a chance  B) there to be

C) there be a chance        D) being a chance

    of为介词，后面接动名词做宾语，因此B和C都可以排除。另外，根据句意：安妮从来没有梦想过她有一个很快被送出国的机会，介词后面含有“有”的意思，用there be结构表达，故正确答案为A.