改 错
■改错的基本特点
改错的难点:
短文改错一直得分不高，因为文章是中国人自己写的，如同己出。学生由于太熟悉，像看自己的文章，很难发现问题，所以学生可以自己互相改作文进行训练
高考英语短文改错题题型特点
1.
高考英语短文改错题以篇章为单位的,
要求考生有很高的阅读理解能力，考生必须摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。
2.
高考短文改错题对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高，但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识，而是不能通过语感（发现错误点的敏感性）找出错误。
3.
所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考题型特点非常重要。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢
下表为2000-2006年高考英语改错题的错误分布情况：
|
|
正确
|
缺词
|
多词
|
错词
|
|
2006年
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
|
2005年
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
6
|
|
2004年
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
|
2003年
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
6
|
|
2002年
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
|
2001年
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
6
|
|
2000年
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
由上表可以看出高考中英语改错题有1∶1∶2∶6的规律，即正确一行，缺词一行，多词一二行，错词六行。
■高考英语短文改错题错误类型、
对2000年以来的高考英语短文改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。
|
|
名词
|
动词时态
|
谓语
|
非谓语
|
形容/副词
|
词组搭配
|
代词
|
行文逻辑
|
冠词
|
语态
|
|
2006
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
2005
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
4
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
|
|
2003
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
|
|
2
|
|
1
|
|
|
2002
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
|
|
|
2001
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
4
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2000
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
|
|
动词时态、语态
改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间，时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。 特别关注:
1. and / but / not only…but also /
分号 的平行结构
1.
时间状语 与 时态一致
2.
整篇文章的时态一致
1.
I remembered her words and calm down.
2.
Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.
3.
The time passes quickly. Evening came.
4.
She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
5.
High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon.
6.
At once I apologize and controlled myself...
7.
Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,...
8.
I will write again and send you the photos we
take together.
9.
There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.
One of them was that they can earn money.
10.
We named him Jack and keep him for about three
years.
11.
It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and
drove me to their home.
12.
They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time
talking and laughing.
13.
My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school
football team.
14.
…not only makes us…but also give us a sense of fair play…
15.
I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time
arguing…
16.
we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
谓语的完整性（一主一谓）。
1.
The main problem was in that I always thought
2.
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .
3.
On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself do.
4.
Students working to earn money for their own use.
5.
Some students may also to save…
6.
I was very surprised see this when the balloon landed in front of
them.
7.
Soon I Began to enjoy talk to myself on paper .
8.
Play football not only makes us grow up tall
9.
But I have spent lost my money, so I cannot even go out of
town.
主谓一致性
1.
Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
2.
There are no need to spend money.
3.
Earning their own money allow them…
形容词和副词
主要涉及到: ing 和 ed分词误用 / 比较级与最高级的误用 /
形容词和副词的误用
1.
The concert can be very excited.
2.
The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make their
balloon light.
3.
Finding information on the Net is easily.
4.
She called 119 immediate.
5.
but I had terribly problems memorizing them.
6.
My pronunciation was terribly.
7.
I would describe myself as shy and quietly.
名词单复数
改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
关注： 表示复数的数词 all / many / few / a lot of …
1.
She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
success，but...
2.
they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get
good marks in all my subject.
3.
On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so
beautiful.
4.
Their word were a great encouragement to me.
5.
There are advantage for students to work while…
6.
that was a dinner we had waited for several month.
7.
a few minute on the Internet.
8.
But one and a half year later.
9.
and asked me lots of question
10.
We study quite a few subject…
11. and often watch football match on TV
代词
主要是代词的格与数的错用和漏用：
男性用了女性代词 / 单数用了复数代词或相反 /
应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性
限制词的搭配： 冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配
关注： 各种代词与指代对象是否一致 /
是否符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系
1.
we tried to translate anything into English.
2.
I am learning to express me in simple English.
3.
Finally, the men threw most of his clothes to save themselves.
4.
And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of
your own .
5.
You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of
him.
6.
Some students may also save up for our college or future use.
7.
We often play a trick on himself.
8.
The Smiths did his best to make me feel…
9.
And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the
games.
冠词
1）
不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改3）根据需要增删冠词。
1，I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.
2，When I was boy, ...
3，This was my first visit to a English family.
4，I started writing down words from books that I
read.
5，I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home and will come to
China
词组及惯用法的搭配
主要指一些动词词组的介词或副词使用错误，不能随意更改的习惯表达
1.
…sisters--in any other words, I am an only child. My parents…
2.
…any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to…
3.
…may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do…
4.
…it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
5.
Evening came down.
6.
The crowded are waiting for to greed them…
7.
I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a
fool.
8.
Friends can provide you for stamps.
9.
I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
10.
It is impossible to do these things by money.
11.
Can you tell me about what I should
do?
12.
I had to look up to the same word many times.
13.
Today I visited the Smiths———my first time visit to…
考查上下文的逻辑关系
but, and, so，however,
otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。
before, after, when, until, since等状语从句引导词的误用等,
肯定和否定的误用
关注： 一定要符合生活的逻辑 要合情合理
1.
It didn't matter that I would win or not..
2.
She was smiling but nodding at me.
3.
…as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
4.
The food was expensive and the service was good.
5.
My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most
delicious dishes.
6.
My class will be over by then or I will pick you
up there.
7.
I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes
in the afternoon.
8.
I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.
9.
I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.
■正确的解题方法:用什么方式更接近上述类型的错题点呢
解题（关注）顺序的合理化会让我们更高效地接触到错误点（错误点是应该是有层次的）
如果关注次序混乱，就减小了发现错误点的敏感性，造成语感混乱。
1.
快速阅读短文，如抓住中心思想，从整体上对短文有个了解。
全篇通读 是改错的准备工作
不了解全文，很难判断如时态一致、行文逻辑和代词的相关错误。
找出最明显的错误，以便疏通短文，化繁为简(习惯用法固定搭配正确吗？)
2.
逐句而不是逐行地分析句子语法结构。
充分运用语言的基础知识，从句型结构进行分析判断，尽快找出错误在何处。
平行结构的错误: and / or / than / as…as
（时态一致吗/主谓一致吗）
连接词/关系词的错误：（从句的连接词对了吗？）
谓语动词的错误:
谓语完整吗、时态（时态一致吗）、语态（该用被动语态吗）、非谓语(分词)错误
形容词/副词的错误：（比较级和最高级的混用）（形容词和副词的混用）
有多个介词：看介词是否多余
看词法：冠词、名词、代词一致
3.
重视整体和语境。
从上下文关系中找出表达连接关系或逻辑关系的词或词组，判断是递进关系还是转折关系，是因果关系还是让步关系。
（是否符合生活的逻辑，合情合理)
4.
检查比列：（比例是否失调）
5.
不要犯改错的错误
a 符号不会错 b 一词不改多词 c
不改大小写 d 合成词只改了一部分
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