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(2)阅读基本功:长难句分析

(2008-01-14 17:17:47)
标签:

教育

分类: 我的高考英语讲义(考点版)

■长难句分析
在高考的阅读试题中,尤其是科技文章中,经常会碰到句子结构复杂的长句。学生们应该采用“句子分析”的手段,首先找出该复合句的主句(尤其是主句的主语和谓语等),然后进一步找出各种从句,如有必要,可进一步分析从句的成分,从而理解句子的意思。也就是说,把复杂的句子按语法规律化为简单的句子,然后加以各个击破,从而读懂整句。

1. 一个句子中所有单词我们都认识,但是组合在一起就不知道作者要表达什么。
2. 加大句子难度的办法:插入成分 复杂修饰(定从) 倒装 省略  特殊句式
3. 长难句语法分析核心: 提取主干(主 谓 宾)
                  a把长难句分解成若干个简单句,  按照句子成分,找出句子主干。
                  b找出连词和关系词,确定句与句,短语间的关系,确定主句和从句。
c 倒装 省略 插入成分 独立成分
4. 长难句的语义提取: 反复进行忽略语法的快速浏览 
5. 长难句收集 抄写
6. 掌握英语的专有表达: drive home sth    without fail

长难句一百句
1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Formats0oin the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten Ethe finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.
2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.
3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.
4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.
5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are:Ooften changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.
6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off |booksellers’ shelves.超级论坛"S D/J(
7.The mass media and government white papers play an importantpart in the spread of foreign words.,s+c*f'd1J.x
8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake!
9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human  weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.太傻超级论坛;C&U#~*V r&
10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent (electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper..taisha.o_4A3N-A4A-E9S9K
11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City. [ N+[5Q/B*C(g,P6
12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea.
13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a uthousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.太傻超级论坛%X
15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.
16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.
17.He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives.
18.Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. $h1\$j5[(U#o
19. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.
20. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on e. more like him as they grow their organic food business.
21. Supporters of underground development say that building down 5rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.
22. Those who could were likely to name a woman.
23. In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked _by shared activities.;P9i"X.e:a
24.For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled —a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavior”.
25.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t  unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived
peoples belonging to two major language groups.
27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.
28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or(iat home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they `see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.^-}
30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.
32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other ^words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.太傻超级论坛9P9g
33.That you won’t be for long means it won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish.n
34. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can’t think
35. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.
36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not.H*Jonly what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
37. The easy way out isn’t always easiest. 2b4S3p-A+w9
38.The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and the fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.
39. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending y6aonly half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
40. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. e.taisha.org y1u:
41.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年)of  president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.
42. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. 1r3[*\8B-W,]
43. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160 –foot –tall Tree of Life
44. The present question is that many people consider impossible ewhat is really possible if effort is made.
45. Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. $_:H8G!W
46. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.
47. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.
48. It covered the whole distance from broken –hearted misery to bursting happiness—too fast.
49.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should Vhappen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there wasa ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away. 7\1f0}%p3j,w,|'u.
50. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.
51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have ebroken down with no agreement reached.
52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once)~9Shave they quarreled with each other.
53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.
54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading. e.taisha.org s*S7CI
55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape . %g;D:V
56.In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my Brespect. GRE,
57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.
58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.
59. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
60.When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.+X4T*B#S+o(D5\
61.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well %A0
62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .
63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted andIrefroze in the snow. 0w-k;C6`;D:c,I2b
65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in  hotel? 6J,J8S/`+h5y(A5g
66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a /country that is home to one fifth of mankind.太
68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are. #m%q;N7f
69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?
70.Dad’s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a “yes”.太傻超
71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.
72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla. 3C/l3x7_$l
73.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he rthought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it. e.taisha.
74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.
75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind.
76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it. 6z/{(G!E
77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back door.OE
78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.
79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door..W+b7
80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of  running feet.
81. It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief.
82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.
83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.
84.“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder “None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ”
85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.
86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held. Now he was sure he could do it. A!D
87.And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
88. Already she does many things a human being can do.
89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.
90. The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.
91.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.
92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations egoing to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.
93. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.
94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station. GRE,TOEFL,SAT,IELTS,GMAT,visa,USA,留学,签证,
95. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.
 96. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver./
97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.
98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along. 9S9R
99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.
100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.

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