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                 图说中国历代女子发型

nyhuyang  /文

女子的满头乌发隐含着女性自身的骄傲，它是青春年华的代表，爱情的梦想，牵系着许多文化上的深厚意蕴。东方女性的一头长发，如春云一般舒展，如飞瀑一般荡漾，可以挽结成数百种发髻形状：高耸的高髻，玲珑的环髻，小巧的圆鬏，轻盈的蝉鬓……女子用香油、用花液来滋润它，保护它，用金银、珠翠、鲜花、丝罗来装扮它。一头长发，相伴女子一生一世，述说着女子的多少心事！

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东晋、北魏时期

唐朝诗人白居易在其《长恨歌》中对唐明皇的宠妃杨玉环发型不吝赞美：“云鬓花颜金步摇，芙蓉帐暖度春宵。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。”“揽衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔银屏迤逦开。云鬓半偏新睡觉，花冠不整下堂来。”流潋紫女士在其小说《后宫·甄寰传》中，也用大量笔墨描写后宫女性的发型之美：“忽闻得香风细细，珠翠之声玲玲微动，我急忙屈膝下去。只见皇后端庄肃穆，缓缓而出。”“只听华妃“咯”的一声娇笑，人还未动，发髻上累累繁复的珠玉便发出相互碰触的清脆响声，在临湖的凉台上听来格外悦耳。”“玉姚微微一笑，推开我的手，霍地散开发髻，青丝如云流泻。”“天不亮我便起来梳妆，发髻更为繁复，据说这鸾凤凌云髻只有皇后当年册贵妃时曾梳过。满头插了沉甸甸的珠翠簪钗。几对金玉步摇簪坠着的珍珠流苏垂在脸颊两侧，略偏偏头，月华般的光彩便在铜镜中流淌。”……

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    隋代发型
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发型与冠戴能增加女子仪容的俊美，又能体现出女子的年龄与身份特点。段成式《髻鬟品》就记载了不下百余种，其髻名虽多，但基本上是按髻的形态与装饰而命名，如髻似螺，曰螺髻，如髻饰以凤，曰凤髻等。古代女子发型变化，基本上是按梳、绾、鬟、结、盘、叠、鬓等变化而成，再饰以各种簪、钗、步摇、珠花等首饰，因此研究女子发型主要是探讨其梳编形式与规律。据古代作品及记载，概括分为结鬟式、拧旋式、盘叠式、结椎式、反绾式、双挂式等主要六类。

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                                  唐代发型

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                                   五代时期
从年代上来讲，历朝历代女子的发型用一句话来形容是：原始时代的发型、发饰是“蛇角奇诡饰花羽”，夏商周时期的发型、发饰是“君子偕老簪笄珈”，秦汉时期的发型、发饰是“峨峨一尺金步摇”，魏晋六朝时期的发型、发饰是“春山削出间钗朵”，隋唐和五代时期的发型、发饰是“鬓云高耸缀花钿”，两宋时期的发型、发饰是“团冠流苏挽青螺”，辽金元时期的发型、发饰是“玉女新样牡丹头”，明代的发型、发饰是“珠花龙凤冠高髻”，清代的发型、发饰是“八方妆容各呈巧”。
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                                    唐代发型

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                                  宋代发型

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                                   元代发型

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                                  明代发型

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                                   清代发型（nyhuyang

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