就近原则：

由下列词语连接的并列主语：there(here) be+句型；or；either …or；nor；neither…nor；whether…or；not…but；not only…but also等，谓语动词应用就近原则。
1.There be 句型

There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
2.neither...nor...

Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or...

Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also...

Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.

主谓一致现象（就远）：

有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：

Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道。

就远原则：

代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from等。
例如：

He rather than I is right. 　　
Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 　

当名词在be动词前，要整体考虑；当名词在be动词后，则要采取就近原则（特别是在and连接时）。
例如：
1.Here is a pen and some books for you.
2.Here are some books and a pen for you.
3.Some books and a pen are on the desk.
4.A pen and some books are on the desk.