“祈使句+并列连词+分句”变形种种  

    高考英语题会涉及到许多特殊结构，“祈使句+并列连词+分句” 便是其中的常见代表之一。此结构中的陈述句谓语动词时态多以将来时呈现，有时也现一般现在时，甚至出现一般过去时。本文拟对“祈使句+并列连词+分句”结构中并列连词的多种表达方式进行归纳小结，并向读者展示一些蕴藏在该结构里的谚语和格言。

一， “祈使句+并列连词+分句”结构的并列连词变化种种

1. “祈使句+ and + 分句”句型，意思是“做……, 就会……”。此结构的祈使句可以改写成 if 引导的条件状语从句，表示一种条件或假设，而and之后的分句则改写成主句，表示一种结果和推论关系。例如：

Work hard at English in a proper way and you will find it not hard to study.  用功且用恰当的方法学习英语，你就会发现不难学习它了。

= If you work hard at English in a proper way,  you will find it not hard to study. 

Follow the French teacher’s advice, and you’ll make great progress in the study of French within half a year.  听从法语老师的建议，你会在半年内取得法语学习的巨大进步。

       = If you follow the French teacher’s advice, you’ll make great progress in the study of French within half a year.  

2. 祈使句＋(and)then+ 分句”句型 。在这个结构里，祈使句表示先做某事，并列连词后的句子表示接着做某事，属一种递进关系，可以翻译成“做……, 其后/ 然后……”。例如：

Cook the meat, then add the mushrooms. 先炒肉，其后加入蘑菇。

= First cook the meat, then add the mushrooms.

Wash your face and get changed quickly, and then we’ll go to the cinema. 赶快洗脸换衣，然后我们去看电影。

= First wash your face and get changed quickly, then we’ll go to the cinema.

3．“祈使句+ or + 分句”，并列连词or还可被or else和otherwise来替换，意思为“做……, 否则就会……”，视具体情况，祈使句可以改成从正面或者反面来假设的条件句，并列连词之后的句子则可写成从正面或者反面来预测结果的主句。例如：

Don’t drive so fast, or you will have an accident. 不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。

= If you drive so fast, you will have an accident.

Spend more time training yourself in basketball otherwise you won’t catch up with your

teammates. 花更多的时间训练篮球，否则你就会赶不上队友。

= If you don’t spend more time training yourself in basketball, you won’t catch up with your

teammates.

Pay attention to grammar, or else you might make grammar mistakes in your composition. 注意语法，不然你会在作文里犯语法错误。

= If you didn’t pay attention to grammar, you might make grammar mistakes in your

composition.

When in Rome, do as the romans do, otherwise you won’t be able to get along well with the local people．入乡随俗，否则你会无法与当地人融洽相处的。

= If you don’t do  as the romans do when in Rome,  you won’t be able to get along well with the local people.

4. “名词词组+ and + 分句”

“祈使句+ and +分句” 结构里的祈使句部分有时还可以改用名词短语， 即 “名词短语 ＋ and + 分句”。 名词短语部分通常含有 more， another， further， again和earlier 等。

One more hour and I will be able to get my housework finished. 再过一个小时，我就能把家务活干完。

= If you give me one more hour,  I will be able to get my housework finished.

= If I am given one more hour,  I will be able to get my housework finished.

= If I was given one more hour, I would be able to get my housework finished.

Twenty minutes earlier, and we could have caught the last bus back home. 早来二十分钟, 我们就能赶上最后一班回家的公交车了。

= If we had come ten minutes earlier, we could have caught the last bus back home.

    A few steps further, and they could have seen the white cinema．要是他们再多走几步，他们就能看见白色外墙的电影院了。

= If they had walked a few steps further,  they could have seen the white cinema．

8.“祈使句+ 破折号+ 分句”

 Drink some of this kind of spring water from a remote mountain village—perhaps you’ll find its taste quite different indeed. 品尝一下这种来自遥远山村的矿泉水，也许你会发现它的口味的确与众不同。

= If drink some of this kind of spring water from a remote mountain village, perhaps you’ll find its taste quite different indeed. .

 Try another way— you’re likely to open the window. 尝试另外一种方法，你有可能打开这扇窗户。

= If you try another way, you’re likely to open the window. 

二. “祈使句 +并列连词+分句”与谚语/格言。

“祈使句+并列连词+分句”结构里藏有不少英语谚语, 大多表示建议、告诫、鼓励等含义。这些谚语或格言多以下方式呈现。

1. 祈使句+and+祈使句

Blow first and sip afterwards. 喝茶防烫，吃饭防噎。

Bear with evil, and expect good. 坏事要忍，好事要等。

Feed by measure and defy the physician. 饮食有节，医生失业。

2. 祈使句+and+人称代词you开头的陈述句

Ask no questions and you’ll be told no lies.  不问问题就不会受骗。

Laugh before breakfast and you'll cry before supper. 笑得早也会哭得早。

Run after two hares, and you will catch neither. 同时追二免，必将无所获。

Keep a thing seven years and you will find a use for it . 蓄艾三年，必有其用。

Give me a child for the first seven years and you may do what you like with him afterwards.让我把小孩带到七岁，以后随你怎么都可以。

3. 祈使句+and+人称代词he开头的陈述句

Give a fool rope enough，and he’ll hang himself. 放任傻子等于害他。

Set a beggar on horseback and he’ll ride to the devil. 小人得意，忘乎所以。

Jest with an ass and he will flap you in the face with his tail. 跟愚人开玩笑，只会自讨没趣。

4. 祈使句+and/or+其它（人称）开头的陈述句

Tread on a worm and it will turn. 人急造反，狗急跳墙。

Grasp the nettle and it won’t sting you. 困难像弹簧，你硬它就软。

Face the fearful with no fears, and its fearfulness dissapears. 见怪不怪，其怪自败。

Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of  themselves. 小事注意，大事自成。

Cut the weeds without digging up their roots, and they'll grow again when the spring breeze blows. 斩草不除根，春风吹又生。

【强化训练】

1. First deserve and then desire.

2. Speak of angels，and you’ll hear their wings.

3. Command wisely, and you'll be obeyed cheerfully.

4. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 

5. No clouds, and we should not enjoy the sun.

6. Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.

 

【参考答案】

1. 先做到受之无愧，而后再邀功请赏。

2. 说到曹操, 曹操就到。

3. 指挥有方则人人乐从。

4. 得寸进尺。

5. 没有阴云不觉阳光可爱。

6. 人比自敬，然后人敬之。

 

参考文献

1. 何灵芝（主编） 5年高考 3年模拟（高考英语），教育科学出版 首都师范大学出版社，2014年

2. 搜狐教育“读谚语，学句型，乐在其中” http://learning.sohu.com/20070615/n250592870.shtml，2007-   06-15

 

(来源：湖南省长沙市长郡中学  毛里林)