“虚拟语气”十大经典句型精讲精练

安徽省巢湖市烔炀中学 238072 葛 平

语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反。所以，虚拟语气常与假设条件句用在一起。除了if条件句外，还有几种常用的条件句、短语也可表示条件。此外，上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致，有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外，有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况。

总体来说，虚拟语气可以分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句；2、名词性虚拟语气；3、虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：

条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
    1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：
    句型1：If ＋主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋动词原形,如：
    (1) If I were you, I would study hard.
    (2) If it rained, I would not be here now.

    2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：
    句型2：If ＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have ＋过去分词，如：
    (3) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
    (4) If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.

    3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：
    句型3：If ＋主语＋过去时/should ＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形,主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋动词原形 ，如：
    (5) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
    (6) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
    (7) If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.

注意问题：
    1、If条件句中绝对不可以出现“would”。
    2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型,如：

(8) If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.
    3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
    (9) Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
    (10) Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my   own eyes.
    (11) Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

二、名词性虚拟语气：
    在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：
    句型4：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：
    (12) Mother insisted that John (should )go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句）
    (13) It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.（主语从句）

(14)It is surprising that she shouldn’t pass the maths exam. （主语从句）
(15) The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）
(16) Their demand is that their wages (should )be increased.（表语从句）
注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现“would”，“must”，“could”等。

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
句型5：wish后的宾语从句：
与现在愿望不一致 ：主语＋过去时；
与过去愿望不一致 ：主语＋had＋过去分词/could ＋have＋过去  分词；
与未来愿望不一致 ：主语＋would（could）＋动词原形。如：
(17) I wish I were you.
(18) I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
(19) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.

句型6：It’s time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：
    主语＋should＋动词原形 或 主语＋过去时，例如：
    (20) It’s time that you went /should go to school.

句型7：If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish＋宾语从句”，如：

(21) If only he could come!  他要能来就好了。
(22) If only I had known the answer!  我要早知答案就好了。

句型8：would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：

(23) I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
(24) I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
(25) She loves the children as if they were hers.
(26) Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.

句型9：without, but, but for, but that, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。如：
    (27) Without you, I would never know him.
    (28) But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
    (29) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
    (30) I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
    (31) I should have come to the party yesterday, but I was busy.
    (32) I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!

句型10：If it were not for.../If it hadn’t been for...(要不是因为...) , 其后面的主句也需使用虚拟 。如：

(33) If it were not for his help, I wouldn’t go home now.

(34) If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers on the board wouldn’t have been saved.

★温馨提示：“情态动词+have done sth. ”表示推测与虚拟语气的用法也是历年高考考查的重点、难点，但此处略去不再赘述，详见《新浪潮》第四单元语法讲解部分。

 

“虚拟语气”专项巩固提升练习

1.(2011全国卷,32) They_______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

A. will               B. can               C. must              D. should

2.（2011北京卷,28）—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.

—I wish they_______ always late.

A. weren’t            B. hadn’t been         C. wouldn’t be        D. wouldn’t have been

3.（2011北京卷,30）Maybe if I_______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied            B. would study         C. had studied        D. was studying

4.（2011天津卷,15）I _______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.

A. had come          B. was coming         C. would come        D. would have come

5.（2011江苏卷,34）—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.

—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it.

A. will have stolen     B. might have stolen     C. should have stolen   D. must have stolen

6.（2011福建卷,34）—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

—I _______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview .

A. attended           B. had attended         C. would attend       D. would have attended

7.（2011陕西卷,22）I_______ through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone  B. didn’t go            C. wouldn’t go        D. hadn’t gone

8.（2011江西卷,28）We _______John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put           B. will have put         C. would put          D. would have put

9.（2010湖南,29）If he_______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.

A. followed          B. should follow        C. had followed        D. would follow 

10.（2010天津,15）John went to the hospital alone. If he_______ me about it, I would have gone with him.

A. should tell         B. tells                C. told               D. had told   

11.（2010陕西,15）If we_______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. 

A. take              B. had taken           C. took               D. have taken

12.（2010北京,34）—The weather has been very hot and dry.

—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables_______ .

A. wouldn’t die       B. didn’t die           C. hadn’t died          D. wouldn’t have died

13.（2010浙江,10）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_______.

A. would have been saved     B. had been saved  C. will be saved              D. was saved

14.（2010上海,29）—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.

—Oh, you_______ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.

A. must             B. mustn't             C. should              D. shouldn't

15.（2010江苏,34）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.

A. focus            B. focused             C. would  focus        D. had focused

16.（2010安徽,26）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _______.

A. was busy           B. is busy                  C. had been busy.         D. will be busy

17. (2009福建,35) But for the help of my English teacher, I_______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win     B. would not have won    C. would win          D. would have won

18. (2009天津,15) This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. would           B. should               C. could              D. might

19.(2008江西,26) What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he_______ better.

A. need have done     B. must have done     C. can have done         D. might have done

20.(2008山东,24) Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we     _______it without you.

A. can manage          B. could have managed C. could manage      D. can have managed

21.(2008江苏,35)—I’m sorry. I_______ at you the other day.

—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.

A. shouldn’t shout                                 B. shouldn’t have shouted

C. mustn’t shout                                    D. mustn’t have shouted

22.(2007山东,32) They_______ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.

A. had got               B. got                  C. have got              D. get

23.(2007陕西,14)I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I                    have driven her there.

A. could                  B. must                   C. might                 D. should

24.(2007江苏,22)—She looks very happy. She                 have passed the exam.

—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.

A. should                  B. could               C. must                         D. might

25.(2006湖北,31)_______fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be       B. Should you be  C. Could you be             D. Might you be

26.(2006江西,24)The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I              the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.

A. should have taken                     B. could have taken        

C. needn’t have taken                   D. mustn’t have taken

27.(2006陕西,19)As you worked late yesterday，you                     have come this morning.

A. mayn’t                     B. can’t                 C. mustn’t                    D. needn’t

28.(2006全国Ⅰ,31) Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_______ yesterday.

A. was happening          B. happens         C. has happened            D. happened

29.(2005湖北,33) If I          plan to do anything I wanted to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A. would                   B. could                C. had to                      D. ought to

30.(2005天津,14) I                     have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

A. shouldn’t               B. couldn’t         C. mustn’t                   D. needn’t

31.(2005福建,31)—Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You              it. I could manage it myself.

A. needn’t do            B. needn’t have done         C. mustn’t do   D. shouldn’t have done

32.(2005重庆,33)I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They      at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A. should have been doing                            B. must have been doing 

C. could have done                                 D. would have done

33.(2005江西,22)—Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?

—Something     to him.

A. must happen      B. should have happened        C. could have happened        D. must have happened

34.(2005江苏,33)—Don’t you think it necessary that he      to Miami but to New York?

—I agree，but the problem is                     he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that                                         B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what                                 D. should not send; what

35.（2011·河北正定中学第一次月考）Jam insisted that the book Mr Black referred to 　　　．

A. was worth buying　B. was worth to be bought  C. being worth buying　 D. be worth buying

36.( 2011·山东省潍坊高三抽测)The order came that the medical supplies          to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.

A. would be sent         B. should send             C. be sent           D. must be sent

37.（2011·福建省龙岩市高三第一次质量检查）—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.

—I ______, either, if my mother hadn’t reminded me.

A. wouldn’t           B. wouldn’t have              C. didn’t              D. hadn’t 

38.（2011·浙江省金华十校高三上学期期末考试）一Why didn't you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday? —Well，I      , but I had something important to do at the moment.

A. should              B. must                  C. should have             D. must have

39. (2011·皖南八校高三年级第二次联考)Without the help of my English teacher, I           the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

A. would win                B. would have won       C. would not win      D. would not have won

40.（2011·福建省厦门市高三年级上学期质量检查）—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I _______       late yesterday.  —Don't mention it.

A. should be         B. would be        C. will have been           D. would have been

41. (2011·北京市海淀区高三上学期期末考试) —If you       to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim .

—I caught a cold, for I had been walking around in the rain.

A. came               B. had come                    C. would come        D. would have come

42. (2011·山东省潍坊高三抽测)The English of her composition is much too perfect.

She      it herself, I bet.

A. might have written    B. cant have written    C. cant write            D. must have written

43. (2011·江西八校联考)If Rose      her diamond in a safer place, it      stolen.

A. had put; might not have been              B. had put; could be

C. had put; might be                         D. had not put; could not have been

44.（2011·浙江温州十校联考）      the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily

A. Had it not been for     B. If it were not       C. If it had not been for  D. Were it not for

45.（2011·重庆师大附中第一次月考）But for their help, we ________ the program in time.

A. can not finish   B. will not finish    C. had not finished     D. could not have finished

46.（2011·浙江杭州西湖中学检测）We ________ last night , but we went to the concert instead.

A. must have studied   B. might study      C. should have studied      D. would study

47.（2011·广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）—You       a meal for me this evening. I had dinner at the Chinese Dragon with Tom.   —Well, why didn’t you phone 高@考￥资*源&&网and let me know?

A. should cook    B. needn’t have cooked  C. don’t need to cook     D. should have cooked

48.（2011·湖南长沙一中第一次月考）I am not going to sit here and let her abuse me．I demand that she immediately      for what she just said．

A. apologize         B. would apologize     C. apologized    D. must apologize

49. （2011·宁夏银川一中第一次月考）If only I______ a few days ago！Then I wouldn’t have been feeling so worried now.

A. looked ahead      B. could look ahead    C. were to look ahead      D. had looked ahead

50.（2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考）—It’s really a pity that I didn’t see you in Shanghai.

— I ______to see you in the hotel, but I was too busy.

A. hope                B. had hoped         C. hoped        D. am hoping 

51.（2011·江西南昌一中第一次月考）She insisted that she ______ not guilty , but we insisted that she______ into prison

A. was; be put            B. be ; was put        C. should be; was put       D. was; should put

52.（2011·广西桂林中学第一次月考）It ______ heavily when he got back home for he was wet all over.

A. was raining     B. must have been raining  C. must be raining         D. rained

53.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）        , we could forgive him for his mistakes!

A. Were he still a child                                 B. If he is still a child

C. Did he realize he is wrong                             D. He were still a child

54.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）But for the help of my English teacher, I       the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not have won     B. had not won      C. would have won            D. have won

55.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）It is high time that the child      to the hospital.

A. is sent            B. would be sent        C. be sent          D. were sent

56.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）The man in prison insisted that he      nothing wrong and     set free.

A. should do; should be                                     B. had done; should be 

C. had done; had been                                       D. should do; had been

57.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）He paid for a seat, when he      free.

A. should have entered      B. could have entered    C. could enter        D. would enter

58.（太原五中2010届高三下学期五月月考）—Did you listen to the lecture given by the famous herbalist doctor Zhang Wuben?  —No, we ______ it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.

A. could have attended                                  B. must have attended 

C. could attend                                        D. shouldn't have attended

59.（成都市龙泉中学2010届高三第五次调研考试）—Any information about your son?

—No，if only I______ those tough words to him．                                         

A. didn’t say        B. hadn’t said          C. shouldn’t have said     D. couldn’t have said

60.（成都石室中学2010届高三上学期期中考试）This computer is of good quality. If it______ break within the first year, we would repair it at our expense．

A. would                 B. should                  C. could          D. might

61.（江阴市青阳中学2010届高三上学期期中考试）The imperial tombs must have been under the protection of the state government, or they _____ suffered severer damage.

A. have had             B. would have         C. need have            D. should have

62.（福建省三校2010届高三上学期期中联考）—Sorry indeed, I ______ to your birthday party if …

—Forget it. I know you were out on business.

A. must come       B. would come           C. must have come      D. would have come

63.（山东省师大附中2010届高三第一次模拟考试）—Why did you leave without a word of warning to John?

—But what______ otherwise? He never likes to listen to me.

A. could I do       B. could I have done      C. must I have done      D. should I do

64.（江苏省如东高级中学2010届高三自主练习）—Johnson, come and look at the sea! It is beautiful, isn’t it?

—Absolutely! If only I _________ here by the sea.

A. lived              B. live              C. had lived         D. will live

65.（淄博市2010届高三第一次摸底考试）Had we been here a bit earlier, we ______able to catch the last bus.

A. must have been         B. would have been    C. had been                    D. should be

66.(2010临川一中高三二模)President Hu Jintao urged that every effort _____to rescue and treat the injured when the earthquake happened in Sichuan this year．

A. is made         B. must be made         C. should make         D. be made

67.(2010山东省诸城市高三二模)After inspecting the building, specialists discovered some faults that otherwise______.

A. had been overlooked                            B. would have been overlooked

C. were overlooked                                D. would be overlooked