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中文注释　　English

　

　　曾几（1084－1166），字吉甫，号茶山居士，北宋末南宋初的诗人。大诗人陆游是他学生，对他的从品和创作非常钦佩。

　　①三衢――三衢山，在今浙江省衢州市。

　　②梅子黄时――长江下游，梅子在阴历五用黄熟，这时节往往阴寸连绵，称为“黄梅雨”。

　　③泛――漂浮，这里指行船。

　　④却――再，又。

　　这首记游小诗，写一次初夏时节诗人在三衢山中旅行的情景。第一句写天时，第二名写行程，第三句和第四句介绍沿途景象，有山有水，有声有色，色彩鲜明，节奏轻快，读来仿佛自己也在伴随诗人一同游览，用诗家的话说，就是“如临其境”了。

　　乍读起来，我们觉得这首小诗写得明白如话，一下子就全懂了。实际上，这首诗的妙处在于它的含蓄。譬如第一句写天时吧，不说是四用，不说是夏初，偏说“梅子黄时”，这样不仅在诗中引进“黄梅”的形象，而且在人们印象中又和“黄梅雨”联系起来。阴雨连绵的黄梅时节，出门远行，麻烦还会少吗？然而今年不同往常，每天每天都是大晴天，这在进山旅行的诗人来说，该是怎样的喜悦呀！所以“梅子黄时”和“日日晴”之间，有一个语气上的大转折，而在这转折里面，正包含着诗人非常喜悦的激情，一开始就给全诗定下了基调。

　　再说一路上的景象。诗人乘小舟来到溪水尽头，舍舟登岸，沿着山间小路继续游览，那景色是绿阴蔽日，黄鹂啼鸣，真叫人心褆清爽啊！但诗的后两句写的只是山中景色吗？不然，其中也涉及“来时路”――乘船进山时的汲水两旁。诗人是通过比较，表现山路和溪边景色的异同：“绿阴不减来时路”，山路和溪边，一样的林木繁茂，绿叶森森；“添得黄鹂四五声”，这只是山上，溪边没有鸟叫，只有一片静谧、幽深。

　　这里我们是从“不减”和添得“的比较来看诗人一举两得的含蓄笔法。若问，山路上多了几声黄鹂的啼鸣，就不再那么幽静了吗？那也不然。古诗说：”鸟鸣册更幽。“是不是这样，可以联系自己的经验，细心休会。

　　Zheng Ji (1084－1166) was a patriotic poet during the period between the end of the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a strong supporter for the recovery of the occupied land in northern China, for which he was persecuted by Qin Hui, a traitorous senior minister in the imperial court. His artistic works, which are original with a lucid and lively style, were very influential in the early years of the southern Song Dynasty. His integrity and poetic creations were greatly admired by his student Lu You, also a prominent poet.

　　This poem was written by Zheng to describe his tour to the sanqu Mountain, located near Quzhou City of Zhejiang Province. In early Summer (from April to May), there are always intermitten drizzles in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, known as “plum rain season” because during this season plums become ripe. The poet toured the mountain just during the “plum rain season”.

　　At the very beginning, the poet told us quite surprisingly that he had bright sunny days successively during the “plum rain season”. Usually, tourists would not find convenient to travel during the rainy season. Fortunately, the poet was very luck to have bright sunny days. As his skiff had reached the end of the striam, the poet got to the shore and continued his sightseeing along a zigzagged path in the mountain. Then he compared the scenic views he had during his boat journey with what he was seeing in the mountain. He said that the woods were as thick and green as those along the steam, nevertheless, he could hear occasionally the singing of orioles whereas he could not during his boat journey.

　　This poem is short and easy to understand. The poet shared his experience and happiness of a sightseeing tour during a rainy season with readers.