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中文注释　　English

　　龚鼎孳（1615－1673），字孝升，号芝麓，明末清初诗人。

1.万安——江西万安县，赣江从境内流过。

2.口号——不打草稿，随口吟成。

3.孤嶂插天青——“插青天之孤嶂”的倒置，意思是高耸入天的孤峰。

　　诗人乘赣江航船南进，晚间从万安出发，继续前行。万安、赣州之间有十八险滩，著名的惶恐滩就在其中。星夜过此，又是逆水行舟，那惊险是可想而知的。

　　看吧，奔腾的急流喷着飞沫，发出巨响，有如雷霆相斗，震怒狂吼。然而，当险滩过去，江水渐平，雷霆也随之沉寂，诗人一颗高悬的心才落实下来。回望来路，只见那万丈峰峦，耸入星光点点的夜空，一动不动。于是诗人笑问江水：任你卷起千层涛万重浪，也只能使人心惊胆战，怎能让那直插青天的高峰有些许动摇呢？

　　这首山水绝句，描写船过赣江险滩时的情景，诗的重心所在，不是滩上急流的可怕声势，而是岸边孤峰孔夫子岿然不动的形象，那岿然不动的孤峰的象征意义。龚鼎孳生活在一个动乱时代，早年曾在明朝任职，归顺清朝以后，继续作官。今夜，他在赣江险滩的惊涛骇浪里面，目睹那顶天立地的岸边高峰，联想起在“波涛千万迭”的时代急流中许许多多坚守气节、威武不屈的同辈，愧悔和敬佩之情油然而生。这首绝句所赞美的正是当时那些不移不屈、诗人自愧不如的民族志士们。


  Gong Dingzi（1615-1673）was poet of the Qing Dynasty.Living in a period of turbulences,he first served as an official of the Ming Dynasty and then continued to serve for the Qing Dynasty after the former had been overthrown.

  One night the poet left Wan'an County of Jiangxi Province on a boat journey southward.His journey along the Ganjing River would lead him through eighteen dangerous shoals,of which the shoal of terror was the most famous.When he was sailing against the currents in the dark through the dangerous waters,the thrill and danger were more than obvious.It was exactly during this river trip that Gong chanted this poem.

  In the first two lines,the poet showed that the turbulent currents were surging forward with the sound of a thunderbolt,and the rapids were gradually calming down soundlessly as he and the dangerous shoals.

  In the last two lines,he asked the river victorivously,although your roaring rapids might frighten a man.but would you be able to shake a high mountain towering to the skies?

  The unforgettable river journey reminded the poet of the unyielding loyalty of his colleagues who never surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.As a former Ming official serving for the imperial Qing court,he felt deep regret for himself and strong admiration for the integrity of his colleagues.