111. Two out of three people think that it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.

【句式翻译】三分之二的人认为买那些对环境负责人的公司的产品是重要的，七分之一的人认为如果他们感觉这个公司在环保方面的名声不够好，他们会决定去其他地方买东西。

【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that it is important to…作think的宾语；that they had even decided to…作saying 的宾语。 

【词语点拨】1) responsible adj.有责任的，尽责的

All pilots should be responsible for their passengers’ safety.

所有的飞机驾驶员均应该对乘客的安全负责。

2) custom n.习俗，风俗，惯例n.经常向某商人、商店等购物

It is difficult to get used to another country’s customs. 要适应另一个国家的风俗习惯很难。

I shall withdraw my custom from that shop. 我不再去那家商店买东西了。

3) reputation n.名声，声誉

The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.

这名医生擅长治疗心脏疾病并且从不接收病人的任何礼品，因此他有个好名声。 

【语法点拨】本句中that it is important to…作think 的宾语；that they had even decided to…作saying 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。

 

112. They believe (that) their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is agift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

【句式翻译】他们相信他们与每一个神圣的时刻的舞蹈是生命的一个礼物，风暴是生活中很自然的一部分，它为情感和心灵的成长带来雨水的滋润。

【句式分析】本句包含两个并列的宾语从句和一个定语从句，their dance with…与that storms are…两个并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语；which can bring…引导定语从句，修饰先行词storms。 

【词语点拨】gift n. 礼物，赠品才 n.天赋，天资, 才能

One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift.

我最美好的记忆之一是关于圣诞礼物的。

I’ve always been able to learn languages easily, beacaue I have a gift for it.

我学习语言一向是轻而易举，因为这是天赋。

【语法点拨】本句中their dance with…与that storms are…两个并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，故their dance with…前省略了连词that，具体用法参见第103句;which 作为关系代词引导定语从句指物或指整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 具体用法参见第71句。

 

113. In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.

【句式翻译】在最近的一个研究中，贝尔宁格了解了拼写在一个学生的写作技巧中扮演什么角色，发现孩子拼写的好坏与写作的好坏是有联系的。

【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句,what role spelling plays…作looked at 的宾语；that how well children spell…作found 的宾语，在本句中how well children spell又作该宾语从句的主语，how well they can write作is tied to 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1)play a role in 在……中起作用，扮演……角色

Farming plays an important role in the country’s economy.农业对该国经济起着重要作用。

He played a role in the play, which made his mother happy.

他在剧中扮演了一个角色，这让他的妈妈很开心。

2) tie n.领带，联系vt.（用带、绳、线等）系，栓

The firm has close ties with an American corporation. 这家商行与一家美国公司关系密切。

It took him a long time to tie the horse to the tree. 他花费了很长时间才把马拴在了树上。

【语法点拨】本句中what role spelling plays…作looked at 的宾语；that how well children spell…作found 的宾语，在本句中how well children spell又作该宾语从句的主语，how well they can write作is tied to 的宾语；连接代词what 引导宾语从句，有时可以作前置定语，如what help, what funny stories 等；连接副词how 可以引导宾语从句，具体用法参见第109句。如：

We still don’t know what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

尽管有2000名病人已服用了这种药，但我们仍然不知道它会带来什么副作用。

 

114. The January 12 Haiti earthquake and its aftershocks(余震)killed or injured hundreds of thousands of people in the Baribbean island nation, mostly as a result of what engineers call structural failure—buildings collapsing, roofs falling in, that sort of thing.

【句式翻译】1月12日海地地震和余震造成加勒比岛国数万人死伤，大部分是由于工程师们所说的结构故障，比如建筑物倒塌，屋顶坠落这种事情。

【句式分析】本句包含一个介词宾语从句，what engineers call…作介词of 的宾语。

【词语点拨】failure n.「U」失败；「C」失败的人/事; 具体用法参见第87句。

【语法点拨】本句中what engineers call…作介词of 的宾语；连接代词what 引导介词宾语从句，在从句中可作主语或宾语，具体用法参见第102句。

 

115. Media reports said that the House would meet and discuss a surveyor’s report which culd recommend lawmakers move out for repairs costing up to one billion pounds, while the Daily Telegraph said that another proposal might be to sell to Russian or Chinese developers for about 500 million pounds. 

【句式翻译】媒体报道说议院将会开会讨论一份检测官的报告，这份报告建议立法者搬出去以花费10亿英镑对大本钟的钟楼进行维修，而《每日电讯报》则称另一个建议是以5亿英镑的价格卖给俄罗斯或中国的开发者。

【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that the House would meet and discuss…one billion poundsaid 的宾语；that another proposal might be…作the Daily Telegraph said的宾语。

【词语点拨】1) recommend vt. 推荐, 介绍；劝告，建议

I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in art.

我把这本书推荐给对艺术感兴趣的人。

They have recommended that the site (should) be closed and repaired.

他们已经提出关闭这个遗址并进行维修的建议。

2) up to 达到；直到；轮到，该由；从事于，忙于

I can take up to four people in my car. 我的车最多能坐4个人。

Up to now, I’ve understand everything the teacher’s said.

到现在，我已经理解了老师所讲的全部内容。

It’s up to you to find out what your goals really are.

你真正的目标是什么只能由你来决定。

What are you up to this weekend? 这周末你打算做什么？

3) proposal n.建议，提议

He made a proposal that the meeting (should) be postponed. 他提议会议延期。

【语法点拨】本句中that the House would meet and discuss…one billion pounds作said 的宾语；that another proposal might be…作the Daily Telegraph said的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具体用法参见第103句。

 

116. He also dismissd concern in the media that parliament was slipping into the Thames, while the commission’s spokesman denied that the walls around the palace were suffering from a particularly bad sinking problem causing Big Ben to lean.

【句式翻译】他还摒除了媒体对议会会滑落到泰晤士河的顾虑，而委员会的发言人则否认是宫殿周围的墙受到严重的下沉，使得大本钟倾斜。

【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that parliament was slipping into the Thames作concern 的同位语；that the walls around the palace were suffering from…作denied 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1) concern n.担心，忧虑 vt.与…有关，涉及，影响；使担心

Issues like food safety do concern me. 食品安全这类问题确实让我很担心。

On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.

总的说来，地球变暖现象引起了极大的忧虑。

This chapter concerns itself with the historical background. 本章是关于历史背景的。

They meet every summer to discuss major problems that concern the whole world.

每年夏天他们都这类问题确实让我担心。

2)deny vt.否认，否定

Hedenied taking money but we were sceptical. 他否认收受了贿赂，但我们很怀疑。

I never deny that you’re a great intellect.我从不否认你很有才智。

3) suffer from v.经历，遭受

He is suffering from the loss of his old friend. 他正遭受失去朋友的痛苦。

【语法点拨】本句中that parliament was slipping into the Thames作concern 的同位语；that the walls around the palace were suffering from…作denied 的宾语；连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具体用法参见第103句。

 

117. Most music critics also say that her music often sounds a bit like the work of other artists, and she herself is quite open about the fact that singers such as Madonna have been a big influence on her.

【句式翻译】大多数音乐评论家还说她的音乐经常听起来有点象其他艺术家的作品，而她本人对此很坦率一些歌手象麦当娜对她有很大影响。 

【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句和一个同位语从句，that her music often sounds…作say的宾语；that singers such as Madonna have been…作the fact的同位语。

【词语点拨】influnce n. 影响; vt. 影响; 具体用法参见第83句。

【语法点拨】本句中that her music often sounds…作say的宾语；that singers such as Madonna have been…作the fact的同位语; 连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具体用法参见第103句。

 

118. It doesn’t matter what the topic is — polictics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg — the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something and therefore to command respect.

【句式翻译】主题是什么并不要紧—政治、物理法则、或打鸡蛋的恰当方法—争论的要点是要证明你是对的，另一个人是错的，因为双方都希望被证明是了解某事的权威以博得尊敬。

【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,what the topic is是主语从句，that you are right and the other person is wrong 是宾语从句作prove 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1) point n.分数；观点，要点 vt.指出，指向

I’d like to make one point before I stop.结束前我想提出最后一个看法。

It is rude to point your finger at others. 对人指指点点是不礼貌的。

2) command n.命令，指挥；vt.命令，指挥

The fire officer took command, ordering everyone to leave the building.

消防员开始指挥大家离开大楼。

The teacher commanded that he (should) go out of the classroom. 老师命令他离开教室。

4) respect n.尊敬，尊重vt.尊敬，尊重

We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers.

我们应该尊敬老人、父母和老师。

The media should respect famous people’s privacy. 媒体应当尊重名人的隐私。

【语法点拨】本句中what the topic is 是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语；that you are right and the other person is wrong 是宾语从句作prove 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。

 

119. It so happened that in this village there were manyshoemakers who were spending a lot of money to buy tacks for their shoes and even at times when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country there was a high demand for soldiers’ shoes.

【句式翻译】碰巧在这个村庄有很多的鞋匠花很多钱去买鞋钉，并且甚至有时他们花高价也并不总能够买到他们想要的东西，因为在那个国家急需士兵的鞋。

【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句，that in this village there were many…是主语从句,常用it作形式主语；在该主语从句中who were spending a lot of money…是定语从句修饰先行词shoemakers；when they paid high prices是定语从句修饰先行词times; what they wanted作动词get 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1) It (so) happens that…碰巧，偶然 happen to do sth碰巧

It so happened that I had no money with me. 不巧我身上没带钱。

Do you happen to know what’s on after the news? 你知道新闻之后是什么节目吗？

2) demand n.需要，需求vt. (强烈)要求

The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind. 对于未来的人类，对自然资源的需求正成为一个日益严峻的问题。

When your child demands that you (should) buy something, explain why you really don’t want to buy it. 当孩子要求你买东西时，要向他解释为什么你不想买。

【语法点拨】本句中，that in this village there were many…是主语从句,常用it 作形式主语；在该主语从句中who were spending a lot of money…是定语从句修饰先行词shoemakers；when they paid high prices是定语从句修饰先行词times; what they wanted作动词get 的宾语；连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，具体用法参见第108句。

 

120. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive, especially when compared withthe alternative, which is almost free, and it is astonishing that America’s desire for bottled water seems impossible to satisfy, reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year.

【句式翻译】考虑另外一个事实：瓶装水出乎意料地贵，尤其是和另一种几乎是免费的选择相比，美国人对瓶装谁的需求似乎是不可能满足的，每年几乎达到300亿瓶，这是令人吃惊的。

【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句和一个主语从句，that bottled water is…作fact 的同位语；that America’s desire for bottled water…是主语从句,it 是形式主语。 

【词语点拨】1) compare vt. 对比，比较

固定短语：compare A to/with B 把A 同B 作比较；compare A to B 把A比喻作B；compared to/ with 与…比较起来。

Compare this to/ with that and you will see which is better.

把这个跟那个作对比，你就能看出哪一个更好。

Young people are often comapred to the rising sun. 年轻人常被比喻作冉冉升起的太阳。

Compared with/to you, we still have a long way to go.

和你们比起来我们还有很大的差距。

2) alternative n.选择，供选择的东西adj.供替代的，二者择一的

Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport.

相对于昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共交通，12座的小公共汽车提供了另一种选择。

As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.

随着煤和油变得越来越少，科学家正在开拓新的使用可替代能源的方法，比如阳光、风和水作燃料。

3) desire n.愿望，欲望，渴望vt.渴望，希望

The program is aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students.

这个项目旨在激起学生强烈的探索欲望。

A home of her own was something she had always desired. 她一直渴望有个自己的家。

【语法点拨】本句中that bottled water is…作fact 的同位语；that America’s desire for bottled water…是主语从句,it 是形式主语;连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句;连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，具体用法参见第108句。