31. In setting
out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham
City Council isseeking to
reduce the summer holiday down to four and a
half weeks, with a
more balanced five terms
of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week
break.
诺丁汉城市委员会设立了一个计划,将一学年划分为五学期,并将暑假的时间减少为四周半,这样一来,五个学期均有八周的时间,每个学期之后都有两周的休息时间。
【句式分析】本句是简单句,Nottingham City Council作主语,is seeking作谓语,each followed by a two-week
break是独立主格结构,setting out…和to reduce…在句中宾语。
【词语点拨】1) seek vt. &
vi.寻找;探索;寻求;固定短语:seek
for 寻找;寻求;seek after寻求
Richard sought
to speak to her.理查德寻找机会与她说话。
We sought an
answer to the question, but couldn’t find
one.
我们寻求这个问题的答案,可是没能找到。
Most
men seek for wealth; all
men seek
for happiness.
大多数人都追求财富; 但所有的人都希望获得幸福。
One mustn’t
only seek after comfort,
personal fame and gains.
一个人不应当只贪图安逸,追名逐利。
2)balance vt.平衡;权衡 balanced adj.平衡的,均衡的
We have
to balance the good
points against the bad and
then make a decision.
我们必须权衡优劣,然后做出决定。
You must learn to keep your
balance while skating.在溜冰时你得学会保持平衡。
A balanced
diet and regular exercise are both important
for our health.
均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼对我们的健康很重要。
【语法点拨】1)不定式to do作宾语:具体用法参见第27句。
2)doing作宾语:
介词后常接doing作宾语,如:
She left the room without
saying a
word. 她没说什么就离开了房间。
有些动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语,这类词有:finish, imagine, fancy, insist on, enjoy, escape,
consider, can’t help(禁不住), admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep,
resist, appreciate, put off=delay, suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid,
ban, prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate,
recommend, stand, feel like, look forward to,
prefer…to…等。如:
He admitted
taking the watch.他承认拿了手表。
Much as she likes
him, she would never consider
marrying him.
尽管她很喜欢他, 但她并不打算嫁给他。
begin,start,like,prefer, hate后既可接to do也可接doing作宾语,意思差别不大,如:
He likes playing/to
play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
stop,try,go on, remember, forget, mean,
regret后面用doing或to do 不定式,意思不一样。
stop doing停止做
stop to
do停下来开始做
try doing试一试做
try to do尽力做,企图做
go on doing继续做(同一件事) go on to do继续做(不同的事)
remember doing 记着做了 remember to
do记着要做
forget doing忘记做了
forget to do忘记要做
mean doing意味着
mean to do打算做
regret doing后悔做了
regret to do遗憾要做
比较:
I forgot
teaching the students the
words.我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。(已教过)
I forgot to
teach the students the
words.我忘了教学生们这些词。(未教)
32. The
computer burst into life
and second later, the screen turned into
colors, shifting and
changing and then two big white words appeared
in the center of the screen: “SPACE
TRANSPORTER.”
电脑突然活跃起来,几秒钟后屏幕变成彩色,图像开始不断变换,然后屏幕中间出现两个白色大字:“空间运输车”。
【句式分析】本句是并列连词and连接的复合句,shifting and changing在句中作伴随状语。
【词语点拨】burst into…匆匆进入(某处);突然开始(某事);突然进入(某种状态)
The door was suddenly
pushed open and he burst
into the house.
门忽然推开,他闯进了屋来。
Suddenly the leading
car in the race burst into
sight.
突然,比赛中的那辆领先的车出现了。
The
plane burst into flames, killing two of the
airmen on board.
飞机突然起火, 机上的两名飞行员丧生。
【语法点拨】现在分词作状语,具体用法参见第26句。
33. People
today prefer living
together to putting their
signatures on a marriage certificate because
they refuse to
accept responsibility for the relationship.
现在的人宁可同居,却不愿在结婚证上签字,因为他们拒绝为这种关系负责。
【句式分析】本句是复合句,because在句中引导原因状语从句,living together, putting their
signatures 和to accept都作宾语。
【词语点拨】prefer vt.更喜欢;宁愿
Some people like to
lie on the beach, but I prefer going/to
go sightseeing.
有些人喜欢在海滩上躺着, 但我喜欢去游览.
表示“宁愿……而不愿……”,“喜欢……而不喜欢……”,其基本句型是:
prefer…to…,主要用于比较两个名词或动名词
I prefer the
seaside to the
mountains.我喜欢海边,不喜欢山区。
I prefer questioning
my pupils to lecturing
them.我喜欢少讲课,多提问我的学生。
prefer…rather
than…,主要用于比较两个不定式(后面的不定式通常省略to,但前面的不定式必须带to)
He prefers to
read rather than watch
television.他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。
【语法点拨】1)不定式to do作宾语,具体用法参见第27句。
2)doing作宾语,具体用法参见第31句。
34. In addition
to encouraging
reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all, the
program allows strangers to communicate
by discussing the book on
the bus, as well as promoting reading as an
experience to be shared in families and schools.
除了鼓励把阅读当作所有的人的一种追求外,这个项目还允许陌生人在汽车上通过讨论这本书来交流,同时宣传把阅读当作家庭和学校共享的一次体验。
【句式分析】本句是简单句,the program作主语,allows作谓语,strangers作宾语,to communicate…作宾补,encouraging …和discussing…都作介词宾语。
【词语点拨】1)in addition to 除……之外,后接名词或动名词
in
addition 此外;还有
In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of
500 yuan per month.
除工资外,他每月还有五百元钱奖金。
We need money and
time; in addition, we need
opportunity.
我们需要金钱和时间,此外我还需要机遇。
2)as well as既……又;……和……。as well as连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如:
The child is lively as well
as healthy.这孩子既健康又活泼。
We are repairing the
roof as well as painting
the walls.
我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。
The teacher as well
as several students is doing experiments in the
lab.
老师和几个学生正在实验室做实验。
【语法点拨】1)doing作宾语,具体用法参见第31句。
2) 不定式to do做宾补的用法:
常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise, cause, expect, force, get, order, permit,
tell, want, warn, wish,
prefer, allow等。如:
The
mother permits her son
to play computer games
twice a week.
这个母亲允许儿子一周玩两次电脑游戏。
My
teacher told me not to
make the same mistake again.
老师告诉我不要再犯同样的错误。
感官动词feel,listen to,hear,see,look at, watch,notice,observe后和使役动词let,make,have后,跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时,要省略不定式符号to。如:
I didn’t observe the man
open the door and go out.我没看到那个人打开门出去了。
I saw Lucy
hurry to the station just
now.刚才我看见露西匆忙去车站了。
He told us a joke,
which made us
laugh immediately.
他给我们讲了一个笑话,让我们立刻笑了。
在被动语态中,动词不定式在感官动词后作主语补足语时,不定式符号to不省略。如:
The workers are made
to work far into the night.工人们被迫干活到深夜。
35. Noticing that
the driver was struggling to see through the
snow covering the windshield,
she found herself
wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in
device for cleaning the window.
注意到司机要很费力的透过覆盖在挡风玻璃上的雪向外看,她不禁想为什么不能有一个内置的设备来清除雪呢。
【句式分析】本句是复合句,that和why在句中引导宾语从句,Noticing , covering和wondering分别作状语、定语和宾补。
【词语点拨】notice vt.注意到;看到。常用于notice sb do sth; notice sb doing
sth和notice sth done结构中。
I didn’t notice you
wearing a new hat. =I
didn’t notice you were
wearing a new hat. 我没有注意到你戴了一顶新帽子。
We noticed Jack
leave the house an hour ago.
我们注意到杰克一小时前离开了这所房子。
No one but Miss
Zhou noticed the
flowers on the
table changed.
除周小姐外,没有人注意到桌子上的花被换过。
n.注意;通知
The notice was set
above the door, and I didn’t see it.通知贴在门的上方,我没看见。
He is too proud to take notice
of others.他很骄傲,不理睬别人。
【语法点拨】1)现在分词doing作定语:在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系,也可改成定语从句。单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如:
The glow of
the setting sun is
splendid; it is a pity that dusk is fast
approaching.
夕阳无限好,只是近黄昏。
He is a
businessman growing rich in
recent years.
他是一位最近几年才发起来的商人。
2)分词作宾补:
分词一般只在两类动词后作宾补,感官动词(feel,listen to,hear,see,look at, watch,notice,observe) 和使役动词(have, make)。现在分词作宾补表示正在进行的主动意义,过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义。如:
Through the window
Jane saw children
playing in the yard.
透过窗户简看见孩子们在院子里玩。
Maria
has had her wallet
stolen on her way to school.
上学路上,玛利亚的钱包被偷了。
36. To get ahead in the world
and lead a happy successful life means getting
on with other people
and being able
to understand
and react to situations in
the best way possible.
在这个世界中生存并快乐的生活意味着能够与其他人很好的相处, 能够理解形势并以最好的方式作出反应。
【句式分析】本句是简单句,句子的主语是To get ahead…, means作谓语,getting on with…和being able to…是并列的宾语。
【词语点拨】react v. 反应,做出反应
When the sun comes
out, the flowers react by
opening.
当太阳出来的时候,花以张开的形式作出反应。
Do
children react to kind
treatment by becoming more self-confident?
对孩子们和善是否会使他们更有信心?
【语法点拨】doing作宾语,具体用法参见第31句。
37. We even have different word
for some foods, meat in
particular, depending
on whether it is still out in the fields
or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon
peasants were doing the farming, while the
upper-class Normans were doing most of the
eating.
我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词,特别是肉类,取决于它是长在田野里,还是在家里准备被烹饪,这表明一个事实,即萨克森农民在农田干活,而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。
【句式分析】本句是复合句, whether引导宾语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句,while引导并列句,表对比,depending on…作状语。
【词语点拨】1)in
particular 尤其,特别
His statement refers
to people in general, not to anyone in
particular.
他的发言是泛指一般情况,不是针对某一个人的。
2)depend
on 依赖,依靠
All living things depend
on the sun for their
growth.万物靠太阳生长。
The plan can have
different results depending
on the weather.
根据天气的不同这项计划会有不同的结果。
【语法点拨】doing作状语,具体用法参见第26句。
38. It is
difficult to measure the
quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected
computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can
tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start
working overtime.
由于因特网的使用,计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难计算的,然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你,当引进电子邮件后,打印机就开始超时工作。
【句式分析】本句是复合句,主句是It 作形式主语的句式,to measue…作真正的主语,although引导让步状语从句,从句中又包含who和that引导的定语从句和宾语从句,working overtime作宾语。
【词语点拨】measure n. 尺寸;措施;手段 vt. &
vi. 测量;有……长(宽、高等):具体用法参见第24句
【语法点拨】1)动词不定式to do作主语,具体用法参见第17句。
2)doing作宾语,具体用法参见第31句。
39. In the last three years,
Indonesia has had
a rough time,
suffering several killer quakes and it is
still recovering from the
Asian tsunami caused by an offshore earthquake on December 26th,
2004.
在过去的三年里,印尼饱受自然灾害之苦,它遭受了几次致命的大地震,至今仍然处于2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤的恢复期中,那次海啸是由一次离岸地震所引起的。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句,suffering…作状语,caused by…作后置定语。
【词语点拨】1)rough adj.艰难的;粗糙的
The book was printed
on rough yellow
paper.这本书用粗糙的黄纸印刷。
They
had a rough time, sailing on the Pacific
Ocean.
他们航行在太平洋上,处境艰难。
2)
recover v. 恢复
What magic drug have
you taken to recover so
quickly?
你吃什么灵丹妙药,好得这样快?
It’s going to be some
time before I recover my
full strength.
还要一些时间我才能完全恢复体力。
【语法点拨】doing作状语,具体用法参见第26句。
40. The children played in the
courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards
were joined together for
miles around creating a
network of people working, playing and living together—a real
community.
孩子们在院子里一起玩耍,方圆好几里的四合院被连接起来,构成了人们一起工作、一起娱乐、一起起居的网络和一个真正的社区。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句,creating…作状语。
【词语点拨】join v. 连接;参加
You should
never join an electric
wire to a water pipe.
你千万不可把电线连接在水管上。
All the
family join me in wishing
you a happy future.
所有的家人同我一道祝你未来幸福。
【语法点拨】doing作状语,具体用法参见第26句。