I.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

II.构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be + done)

III.主动语态改为被动语态的步骤

1)宾语 -----------主语    2)谓语动词(vt) ---------- “be+过去分词”

3)主语 ---------by+(宾格）有时可以省略

Many people speak English.(主动语态)------English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)

注意：及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。

 如：break out、take place、happen, occur

IV. 使用被动语态的场合

1.         动作的执行者不言自明  We are encouraged to study hard.

2.         没必要说出动作的执行者 A third ring will be built around this city.

3.         不知道谁是动作的执行者 The house has been broken into.

4.         有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如：

It is hoped that … 希望……            It is supposed that … 据推测……

It is said that … 据说…                It is well known that …众所周知……

It is believed that … 人们相信……      It is thought that … 人们认为……

V. 以see为例，比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形式

时态	主动语态	被动语态(be+过去分词）
一般现在时	see / sees	am(is,are)+seen
一般过去时	saw	was(were)+seen
一般将来时	will (shall) +see	will(shall)+be+seen
现在进行时	am(is,are)+seeing	am(is,are)+being+seen
过去进行时	was(were)+seeing	was(were)+being+seen
现在完成时	have(has)+seen	have(has)+been+seen
过去完成时	had+seen	had+been+seen
含情态动词	情态动词+see	情态动词+be+seen

 

VI.被动语态的注意事项

1.“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。例如  1)I’m interested in mathematics.     

2）.He seems unsatisfied with his work.     3).Tom was surprised at the news.

2.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义

A.表示感官的动词：look, smell, taste , feel, wear ,sound, etc.         Eg.The water feels cool.

B. read, sell, wash, write, open, cut, shut, keep, +adv, ,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:

1). The pen writes smoothly.         2). That book sells well.

  3). This kind of shirt washes easily.    4)The door doesn’t open easily.

C.表示sth需要被做

be worth doing某事值得做         need /want/ require doing 某事需要被做

1）This dictionary is well worth buying.   2）The bike needs /wants/ requires repairing.

D.被动形式表示主动意义的情况：be lost迷路   be drunk喝醉     be dressed穿着

Be seated , please.请坐

She is dressed in a red skirt.她穿着红色的衬衫

He was lost in the thick forest. 在茂密的森林他迷路了

We are prepared to accept his invitation.我们准备接受他的邀请

E.短语动词的被动语态：

1).They often laughed at the old man.——That old man was often laughed at.

2).Tom has sent for the doctor.------The doctor has been sent for.

结论: 短语动词一个不可分割的词组, 在被动结构中不可去掉后面的介词或副词。

类似的短语. make good use of 充分利用      look after   照顾

take good care of  照顾、照看   look down upon 瞧不起

carry out 实施，贯彻，执行     make fun of 取笑

F. 在被动句中to不省

She heard him sing a song just now.----He was heard to sing a song just now.

类似的短语see sb do sth         make sb do sth      watch sb do sth         

notice sb do sth      feel sb do sth        help sb do sth

Eg. 1. I noticed him cross the street. --------He was noticed to cross the street.

2. They often help me clean the room. -----------I am helped to clean the room.

3. We often see her read English in the morning. -------

She is often seen to read English in the morning.

G.在被动句中from 不省   如：prevent / stop sb (from) doing

We should prevent the accident (from) happening.

The accident should be prevented from happening.

H.带双宾语或宾补的动词的被动语态

We gave him some books.--------

He was given some books.

Some books were given to him.

I.易错点 

1). weigh (重达…)  measure(量度为…）不用被动

The baby weighs 8 kilograms.

The room measures 12 feet by 15 feet.

2). be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。

      She is to blame.       The house is to rent.

巩固测试：

1. The flowers were so lovely that they   _______ in no time. (2007 全国卷I)

A. sold       B. had been sold       C. were sold     D. would sell

2. The clothes _____ well in Hejin.

A. sell       B. sells      C. are sold         D. is sold

3 .Great changes      in our city and some schools      during the past 20 years.

A. have taken place; have set up          B. were take place; were set up

C. have bee taken place; have been set up   D. have taken place; have been set up

4.The thief       while climbing the garden wall.

A. has caught      B. was caught  C. had been caught   D. has been caught

5. Look ! A big modern building _____in our city.

A.is built          B.is being built      C.has been built     D. is building

6. My room____tomorrow.

A.is cleaned          B. be cleaned     C.will be cleaned     D.is cleaning

7. This picture ____long long ago.

A.drawn              B. is drawn        C.was drawn       D.was drawing

8. The windows ______once a week.

A.have been cleaned      B.is cleaned    C.are cleaned        D.are cleaning

9. The sick girl______to the hospital at once.

A.must send   B.be must sent    C .must be sent    D.be sent

10..He_____to sing in the open air just now.

A. heard        B. was hearing      C. was heard    D. has heard

11. As soon as he heard he loud noise, he went out to see what_____

A.was happening    B.was happened      C. has happened    D.will happen

12. I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child.    [2006北京东城区高三模拟]

A. is to blame  B. is going to blame      C. is to be blamed    D. should blame

13..______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the  local police.

1. Having lost          B. Lost     C.Being lost            D. to be left

14.______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A.Dressed       B. To dress     C. Dressing         D. Having dressed

15.Please remain _____ until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A. to seat       B. to be seated    C. seating           D. seated

16.My brother is an actor. He _____ in several films so far.

A.appears          B.appeared    C.has appeared          D.is appearing

17.---I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

---______ good.

1. Sound        B.Sounded         C.Sounding        D.Sounds

18.This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He_____trying to save a child in the earthquake.

A. killed   B. is killed      C. was killed     D. was killing

19.Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.

A. lose     B. will be lost   C. are lost     D. will lose

20.I have to go to work by taxi because my car ______ at the garage.
A. will be repaired         B. is repaired　　C. is being repaired        D. has been repaired

21.A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built  B. is built  C. has been built  D. is being built

22.All the preparations for the task____ ,and we’re ready to start .

A. completed  B .complete  C .had been completed  D .have been completed

23.The new suspension bridge _____by the end of last month .

A .has been designed        B .had been designed   C. was designed           D .would be designed

24.An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week

A. are to be held      B. is to be held       C. are holding         D. will hold

25.The Olympic Games, ____in 776 BC ,did not include women players until 1912.

  A. first playing   B. to be first played  C. first played  D. to be first playing