原文出处：

Who Killed the Nokia Phone？

http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/nokia-lessons-for-apple-and-google-by-pekka-nyk-nen-and-merina-salminen-2014-10

 

参考答案：

E) exception   O) worldwide   K) shifting  L) shrank   A) assumed

F) fault  H) notably    I) previous    C) desperate    D) deterioration

 

选项词性：

名词：A) bias, D) deterioration, E) exception, F) fault

形容词：C) desperate, I) previous, M) subtle, O) worldwide

副词：G) incidentally, H) notably, O) worldwide

-ing：K) shifting, N)transmitting

-ed：A) assumed, J)relayed, L) shrank

 

36题：空格词性为名词。本句意为：手机冠军Nokia，欧洲最大的技术成功传说之一，也不____，在几年之内就失去了它的市场。本空应该考虑从名词单数选项中选项，因为no之后通常要接名词单数，符合要求的选项有：A) bias偏见, D) deterioration破坏, E) exception例外, F) fault错误。故本题应该选择E项。

 

37题：空格词性为副词。本句意为：在2207年，Nokia____占据了超过40%的手机销售。而副词选项仅有G)incidentally偶然地, H) notably显著地, O) worldwide世界范围地。本题应该选择O项。

 

38题：空格词性为形容词或动词分词，由于在be动词之后，暂时无法明确词性。本句意为：但是消费者的偏好已经开始____向触屏智能手机。四个形容词选项均不符合句意，故本题应该考虑两个现在分词选项：K) shifting改变，转向, N) transmitting传播，符合句意的为K项。

 

39题：空格词性为动词，并且是过去式。本句意为：随着苹果公司的iPhone手机在2007年中进入市场，Nokia的市场份额快速地____，收入也跳水了。此处还有一个并列的结构，说明空格处应该与plunged俯冲为近义词，选项中过去式形态的有三个：A) assumed假设，接任, J) relayed交接, L) shrank收缩。故选L项。

 

40题：空格词性为动词，并且是过去式。本句意为：终止Nokia命运的是一系列由CEO Stephen Elop作出的决策，他在2010年十月____. 还有两个过去式选项：A) assumed假设，接任, J) relayed交接，此处应该填A项，在这里相当于任职了。

 

41题：空格词性为名词。本句意为：但是Elop并不是唯一一个____的人。名词单数选项有：A)bias偏见, D) deterioration破坏, F) fault错误。本题需要结合本段的后面的内容，下一句接着就说到了Nokia的board董事会拒绝变革，说明Elop不是唯一犯错的人。故本题选F项。

 

42题：空格词性为副词。本句意为：最____地是，Jorma Ollila，他曾经领导Nokia从一个工业公司转型成为一个技术巨头。副词选项有：G) incidentally偶然地, H) notably显著地, 此处应该选择H项。

 

43题：空格词性为形容词。本句意为：… 他太迷恋公司____的成功，以至于没有意识到需要变革来维持它的竞争力。形容词选项有：C) desperate绝望的, I) previous先前的, M) subtle微妙的，精巧的, O) worldwide世界的，本题应该选I项。

 

44题：空格词性为形容词，本句意为：公司采取了一个____缩减开支项目，它包括成千上万份工作要被裁掉。形容词选项有：C) desperate绝望的, M) subtle微妙的，精巧的, O) worldwide世界的。根据后面的thousands of jobs，说明这是一场绝望的变革，故选C项。

 

45题：空格词性为名词。本句意为：这导致了对公司昔日的精神文化的____，曾经的公司文化激励员工去冒险，去创造奇迹。还有两个名词选项：A) bias偏见, D) deterioration破坏, 故本题选D项。

 

匹配题：

参考答案：HCBNA JGODM

 

46题：选取关键词first-generationcollege-goers, doubts about their abilities和college degree，可以定位至H段：”Manystudents are coming from a situation where no one around them has theexperience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming inquestioning themselves and their college worthiness,”…

 

47题：选取关键词heavierfinancial burdens和peers，可以定位至C段：Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans:first-generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. … Theytypically carry financial burdens that out weigh those of their peers…

 

48题：选取关键词graduationrate和Nijay’s university，可以定位至B段:what Nijay didn’t realize about his school-Tennessee StateUniversity-was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for itsfirst-generation students.

 

49题：选取关键词topinstitutions like Yale和more support，可以定位至N段：Christian Vazquez, a first-generation Yale graduate, is anotherexception … There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while,there is too much support.

 

50题：选取关键词enteringcollege, Nijay Williams和no idea可以定位至A段：When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first-generationstudent and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigorsof higher education.

 

51题：选取关键词refuse torelease their exact graduation rates可以定位至J段：Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduationrates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient numbers – notnecessarily rates specific to first-generation students. Other initiatives failto break down the data, too.

 

52题：选取关键词marketingexecutive, low-income families和elite university可以定位至G段：”They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,” saidDave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, … “The reality of it isthat a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite universities on a fullride scholarship and don’t even realize it.”

 

53题：选取关键词greatimportance和self-confidence可以定位至O段：… hinting at mentors, staff, and professors who al providedsignificant support for students who lacked confidence about “belonging” atsuch a top institution.

 

54题：选取关键词I’m First和mostsuitable可以定位至D段：Matt Rubinoff directs I’m First, a nonprofit organization launchedlast October to reach out to this specific population of students. … find thebest post-secondary fit.

 

55题：选取关键词Eliteuniversities和higher rate可以定位至M段：… more elite universities, which are often known for robustfinancial aid packages and remarably high graduation rates for first-generationstudents.

 

 

仔细阅读：

56-60题：CBADC

 

56题：根据关键词mostinfluential medical groups和recommend可以定位至第一段：Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care,some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending thatdoctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they makedecisions about patient care.本句意为：一些最有影响力的医疗团体声称他们不能再忽视不断上涨的医疗费用，并推荐医生们在做出治疗决策的时候，不能只考虑治疗的效果，也要权衡费用。

选项分别为：

A)   Reflect on the responsibilitiesthey are supposed to take.

反省他们应该承担的责任。

B)   Pay more attention to theeffectiveness of their treatments.

更关注他们治疗的效果。

C)   Take costs into account whenmaking treatment decisions.

在做治疗决策的时候考虑花费。

D)   Readjust their practice in viewof the cuts in health care.

在治疗上，从开刀角度调整他们的手术。

由此可见，本题最佳答案为C项。

57题：根据关键词mainlyconcerned和in the past可以定位至第二段：The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment butalready controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefinetheir roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients toexerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. 本句意为：这种改变，几乎没有被医疗界以外的人注意到，但已经在内部反转了，意味着医生开始重新定义他们的角色，从仅关注每个病人个体到用于医疗的钱是怎么花的。

选项分别为：

A)specific medicines to be used

使用的特定的药品

B)effects of medical treatment

治疗的效果

C)professional advancement

专业的进步

D)patients’ trust

病人的信任

由此可见，本题的最佳答案为B项。

 

58题：根据关键词new guidelines和lead to可以定位至第三段的第一句：Inpractical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctorschoosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that aparticular treatment – at the end of life, for example – is too expensive.本句意为：在实践方面，这个新的方针将导致医生可以因花费原因选用某一种药品，或甚至因过于昂贵而决定一种特定治疗，例如终止生命。

选项分别为：

A)   the redefining of doctors’roles

重新定义医生的角色

B)   overuse of less effective medicines

过度使用不那么有效的药品

C)   conflicts between doctors andpatients

医生与病人之间的冲突

D)   the prolonging of patients’suffering

病人痛苦的延长

由此可见，本题最佳答案为A项。

 

59题：根据关键词dual role和patient careproviders还有financial overseers可以定位至第五段：Some doctors se a potential conflict in trying to be both providersof patient care and financial overseers. 然而这句仅仅重复了题干内容，不足解决本题，于是从扩展至下一段的第二句：He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they toldpatients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’sbad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.”本句意为：他说医生有风险失去病人的信任，如果他们告诉病人：“我不会做我认为对你最好的事，因为那对麻省的医疗预算来说不够好。”

选项分别为：

A)   they may be involved in aconflict of interest

他们会卷入利益的冲突

B)   they may be forced to dividetheir attention

他们会被强迫去分散注意力

C)   they may have to use lesseffective drugs

他们会使用不那么有效的药物

D)   they may lose the respect ofpatients

他们会失去病人的尊重

由此可见，本题的最佳答案是D项。在这里，可以认为信任和尊重是替换。

 

60题：根据关键词experts，doctors’involvement和cost analysis可以定位至最后一段第一句和第二句：Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play incost analysis because not many others are doing so. “In some ways, “ said Dr.Daniel Sulmasy, “it represents a failure of wider society to take up theissue.”本句意为：然而，一些分析家说医生要扮演一个花费分析的角色，因为并没有其他人在做。Dr. Daniel Sulmasy也说：“在某种意义上，它代表了广泛的社会失败，社会没有处理好这个问题。”

选项分别为：

A)   it may add to doctors’ alreadyheavy workloads

它会增加医生本已过重的工作负担

B)   it will help to save money forsociety as a whole

它会帮助整个社会省钱

C)   it results from society’sfailure to tackle the problem

它源于社会在解决这个问题上的失败

D)   it raises doctors’ awareness oftheir social responsibilities

它会提升医生对他们的社会责任的认识

由此可见，本题最佳答案为C项。

 

61-65题：ABCAD

 

61题：根据关键词Obama和economicinequality可以定位至第一段第一句和第二句：Economic inequality is the “defining challenge of our time,”President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center forAmerican Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because itdoesn’t look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, butbecause inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for thepoor to escape from poverty.本句意为：经济不平等是“我们这个时代明确的挑战”，President Barack Obama 在上个月的演讲中说道。他还说，不平等是危险的，不仅是因为它在富人和穷人之间的差距看上去不好，更是因为它本身就破坏了向上的动力，使得穷人更难以摆脱贫困。

选项分别为：

A)   it is the biggest obstacle tosocial mobility

它是社会动力最大的障碍

B)   it is the greatest threat tosocial stability

它是社会稳定最大的威胁

C)   it is the No. 1 enemy of incomegrowth

它是收入增长的一号敌人

D)   it is the most malicious socialevil of our time

它是我们这个时代最坏的社会恶势力

由此可见，本题最佳答案是A项。

 

62题：根据关键词Scott Winship’sdata analysis可以定位至第三段的第二句；Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economicmobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on hisanalysis of this data. 本句意为：不平等本身不是经济动力的强烈的预测者，这是社会学家Scott Winship基于他的数据分析写出的文章所提到的。

选项分别为：

A)   it is fast widening across mostparts of America

它在美国大部分地区快速扩张

B)   it is not a reliable indicatorof economic mobility

不并是经济动力的可靠的指标

C)   it is not correctly interpreted

它没有被正确的解读

D)   it is overwhelmingly ignored

它被过分忽视了

由此可见，本题最佳答案为B项。

 

63题：根据关键词Atlanta和Salt LakeCity可以定位至第四段的第二句：What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area isone of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes ofthe poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?本句意为：例如，什么可以解释，为什么盐湖城区是一百个最可能让穷人增加财富，而亚特兰大城区是最不可能之一呢？

选项分别：

A)   have placed religious beliefsabove party politics

把宗教信仰置于党派政治之上

B)   have bridged the gap betweenthe rich and the poor

缩短了富人与穷人的差距

C)   offer poor children morechances to climb the social ladder

给穷人孩子提供了爬上社会阶梯的更多的机会

D)   suffer from higher levels ofracial and economic segregation

遭受严重的种族和经济隔离

由此可见，本题最佳答案为C项。

 

64题：根据关键词socialmobility和economist Raj Chetty可以定位至第五段的第一句：Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racialsegregation, community density, the size of a community’s middle class, thequality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he callsthe “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.”本句意为：哈佛经济学家RajChetty指出了经济和种族的隔离，社区密度，社区中产的规模，学校的质量，社区信仰和家庭结构，这被他称为是“向上动力的单一最强关联。”

选项分别为：

A)   family structure

家庭结构

B)   racial equality

种族平等

C)   school education

学校教育

D)   community density

社区密度

由此可见，本题最佳答案是A项。

 

65题：本题无关键词，问作者建议，此类问题归为全文主旨，应定位在全文最后一段：In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita incomegrowth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local governmentspending – which may stand for good schools – are the most likely to help poorchildren relive Horatio Alger’s rags-to-riches story. 本句意为：换句话说，拥有高水平人均收增长，高比例的双亲家庭和高当地政府支出 – 能支持好学校—的社区是最能帮助贫穷孩子再现Horatio Alger的穷人变富人的故事的。

选项分别为：

A)   it is important to increase thesize of the middle class

增加中产阶级的比例很重要

B)   it is highly important toexpand the metropolitan areas

扩展城市区域极其重要

C)   it is most imperative to focusour efforts on the elimination of income inequality

把我们的努力放在消除收入不平等是最刻不容缓的

D)   it is better to start from thecommunity to help poor children move up the social ladder

从社区开始帮助贫穷孩子爬上社会阶梯是比较好的

由此可见，最佳答案应该是D项。