英语课程标准（2级--小学毕业水平）知识目标详解

                      （青山     原创）

语法：

l         知识目标要求：知道名词有单复数形式

[分解]

名词一般可分为：专有名词 （如：the Great Wall, Big Ben, Amy, China, etc ）

                普通名词  （分为 可数名词 和不可数名词 ）

不可数名词没有复数 （如： some water, a glass of water, some rice, some ink, 要表达复数，需要与量词一起使用： a glass of milk, a cup of tea ）

可数名词变复数的基本规则：

1）以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的名词-es    如：potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes, bus—buses, box—boxes, watch—watches, match—matches, sandwich—sandwiches, fish--fishes

2) 一般的名词 –s    如：book—books, chair—chairs,  radio—radios, photo—photos

3)  辅音字母加y结尾的单词，该y为i, -es  如：story—stories,  factory—factories

元音字母加y结尾的单词，直接加s  如：  boy—boys, toy—toys

4）不规则变化的名词 

   woman—women,  policeman—policemen, postman—postmen, wife—wives, leaf—leaves, wolf—wolves,  child—children,  foot—feet,  goose—geese,  penny—pence,

 

 

l         知识目标要求：知道主要人称代词的区别

[分解] 英语中要知道有八种人称、五种格，如下表：

	主格	宾格	形容词性 物主代词	名词性 物主代词	反身代词
第一人称单数	I	me	my	mine	myself
第一人称复数	we	us	our	ours	ourselves
第二人称单数	you	you	your	yours	yourself
第二人称复数	you	you	your	yours	yourselves
第三人称单数	he	him	his	his	himself
	she	her	her	hers	herself
	it	it	its	its	itself
第三人称复数	they	them	their	theirs	theirs

 

 

主要用法区别，见例句：

I am a pupil.  He helps me with my English. This is your book and that is mine.

She can go to school by herself.

用法区别归纳：

    主语用主格； 动词后用宾格；形容词性物主代词后有名词；

名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词；

主语和宾语人称一致时，宾语用反身代词。

 

l         知识目标要求：知道动词在不同情况下会有形式上的变化

[分解]

  动词共有五种形式，小学阶段只学习四种：原形，过去式形式，第三人称单数形式，现在分词形式（-ing形式）。还有，过去分词形式。

  动词的不同形式使用在不同的情况下：例句

1．以下情况使用动词原形

I /We/ You/ You/ They go to work by motorbike. （一般现在时态，第一/第二人称单复数后，第三人称复数后）

Do you often have breakfast in the morning?

Does he/she watch TV in the evening?

They didn’t want to eat in a restaurant.    

You should tidy your room.

（助动词do, does, did 后，情态动词can,man,must,should,could 后。）

2．以下情况使用动词第三人称单数形式

 Mary goes to work by car. （一般现在时态,第三人称单数后）

 He has got a very expensive car.

3．以下情况使用动词过去式形式

 We had a picnic in the park yesterday.

He played the erhu at the party last week.   （一般过去时态句子中）

4．以下情况使用动词-ing 形式

 We’re learning English now.

 He’s listening to me.

 My father is working in the field.

（现在进行时态，助动词 be (am/is/are) +doing ）

 

l         知识目标要求：了解表示时间、地点和位置的介词

[分解]

表示时间的介词：

in spring/ in summer/ in autumn/ in winter

    in January/ February

    in 1998

    in the morning/ afternoon/ evening

on Monday/ Tuesday…

    on my birthday/ on the weekend

表示地点的介词：

in the school/ my home/ the room

at home/ at wok/school

get to London, arrive at the airport

表示位置的介词：

on the desk/ in the pencil box/ under the chair/ in front of me/ behind the tree/

on the right of me/ on the left of Lily/ between… and… / over the river/

through the tunnel/ (go) past the building/

l         知识目标要求：了解英语简单句的基本形式和表意功能

[分解]

 简单句的六种基本句型

1．主系表结构

I am= I’m                            I was…

We are=We’re                        We were…

You are=You’re                      You were…

You are= You’re                   You were…

He is =He is                            He was…

She is=She is                      She was…

It is =It’s                             It was…

This is                               This was…

That is= That’s                        That was…

Tom is =Tom’s                Tom was…

My father is =My father’s    My father was…

These are=These’re       These were…

Those are =Those’re      Those were…

They are= They’re        They were…

Tom and Mary are          Tom and Mary were…

2．主谓宾结构

I often go to the park on Sunday.        We often go to the park on Sunday.

You often go to the park on Sunday.     You often go to the park on Sunday.

Mary often goes to the park on Sunday.   He often goes to the park on Sunday.

She often goes to the park on Sunday.    It often goes to the park on Sunday.

 

Helen wrote a book about her life.          We watched TV last night.

You ate an ice cream yesterday.            You helped the people in Sichuan.

 

He played football last week.            She did her homework last Sunday.

It ate its bone just now.               George and Helen went for a walk after supper.

 

Do I…?                               Did I…?

Do we…?                              Did we…?

Do you…?                             Did you…?

Do you…?                                Did you…?

Does he…?                       Did he…？

Does she…?                       Did she…?

Does it…?                           Did it…?

Does the dog…?                     Did the dog…?

Does your father…?                Did your father…?

Do they…?                          Did they…?

 

3．主谓结构

I often swim in summer.         He listens carefully in class.

 

4．主谓宾宾

小学阶段 熟知以下几个动词后常跟双宾语结构： buy, give, send, show

I bought my son a present. = I bought a present for my son.

My mother gave me a computer. =My mother gave a computer to me.

Lily sent her teacher a postcard. = Lily sent a postcard to her teacher.

I want to show you the present from China. = I want to show the present from China to you.

 

 5．主谓宾宾补

了解这种结构：

We must keep our classroom clean.

She made me angry.

l         了解问候、告别、感谢、致歉、介绍、请求等交际功能的基本表达形式。

[ 分解 ]

了解上述交际功能的表达形式，并熟练地在真实情景中运用。

问候： Hi. /  Hello. / Good morning. / Good afternoon. / Good evening./

     How are you (doing )?

     （打招呼） Nice to see you. / Pleased to meet you. / Nice to see you again.

告别：Bye. / Byebye. / Good bye. / See you ( next time/ tomorrow)/ Good night.

感谢：Thank you( very much). / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks./ I really appreciate your help.

致歉：I’m (very / so) sorry. / Sorry. / Excuse me.

介绍：I want to introduce…/ I’d like to introduce…/ This is … 

请求：Will you please…? / Would you please…? / Can you …?

 

l         话题：能理解和表达有关下列话题的简单信息:数字、颜色、时间、天气、食品、服装、玩具、动植物、身体、个人情况、家庭、学校、朋友、文体活动、节日等。

[ 分解 ] 教材各模块中提供的语言材料都能涵盖上述话题。不同学段对上述话题学习的深度会增加。在谈论这些话题时，宜采用旧知识+新知识的方法。课本中在介绍新知识时，只提供了新学习的语言结构和词汇；我们练习时宜采用这种整合的方式，新旧融合，以旧带新，适合在拓展环节中这样练习。第12册中提供的话题有：食品（就餐），家庭野餐活动，天气，生日聚会活动，著名人物，体育活动等等。课本提供的语言材料往往是综合性的，一个语言材料能涵盖几个话题。我们在利用这些语言材料时，经常是综合利用，进行听说读写译等全方面的学习活动。