名词性从句

 

I. 引导名词性从句的连接词

1． 连接词that的用法（I ）

A.     that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略；引导宾语从句时，则可省略。that 无词义。

B.      〔主语 + be + that…〕 →that不可省略。

C.      〔The reason(主语) + be + that…〕 →that不要使用because / because of等短语。

 例句：

    （1）主语从句：

        That he is a rich man is known to all in the city.

        That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.

        That Tom didn’t pass the exam made his father very angry.

        It is known to all that China is a great country with a long history. 

        It is reported that No.11 Typhoon will arrive in Shanghai soon.

        It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

（2）      表语从句：

   The problem is that we don’t have enough hands.

   The reason why he has been such a success is that he never gives up.

   His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.

(3) 同位语从句：

   同位语从句通常位于news, idea, suggestion, order, request, hope, wish, promise, fact等词后，以说明其内容。

   We all know the fact that he used to be a thief.

   His suggestion that you should try again is right.

   He gave us the order that we (should) start at once.

   He made a promise that he would buy a new bicycle for his son.

The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken.

   …it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me.

     (让我觉得它好像要跳出柜门朝我扑过来似的。)

(4) 宾语从句

   He said (that) he had bought a new computer.

   I told him (that) he couldn’t go to the museum with us.

   He made it clear that everyone should obey the school rules.

  2. 连接词that的用法（II ）

A.     〔that + 完整句子〕→同位语性质The news that our team won the match excited us.

B.      〔that + 不完整句子〕→定语从句 The news that you told me made me excited.

C.      that 在〔S. + V. + it + 宾语补语 + that 从句〕的句型中，that不能省略。

D.     由对等连词and或but所连接的两个作宾语的从句中的第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不能省略.

II.        连词whether 和if

whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句合同位语从句，if只引导宾语从句。        

               If, whether的相同与不同

A.  if与whether的相同

I wonder if…	= I wonder whether…
I see if…	= I see whether…
I ask if…	= I ask whether…
I try if…	= I try whether…
I don’t know if…	= I don’t know whether…

                          

B.  If与whether与的不同

Right:  whether… or not           Wrong:	if… or not
Whether … is…	If… is…
…is whether…	… is if…
whether to go or not	if to go or not

 

主语从句: Whether he will attend the meeting is not important.

         = It is not important whether he will attend the meeting

表语从句：My question is whether they have read the novel.

同位语从句：I have no idea whether we can get there on time.

Your question whether Tom will marry Jenny is hard to answer.

宾语从句：He asked me whether/ if I could play basketball.

 

III. 疑问代词、疑问形容词及疑问副词可以引导名词性从句

 疑问代词、疑问形容词及疑问副词可以引导名词性从句，并在句中担任主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）、表语。

   who, whom, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why, wherever, however, etc.

  （1）主语从句：

What caused the fire is still a mystery.

Who was responsible for the fire is not yet clear.

How the book will sell depends on its author.

Wherever he once lived is well preserved.

When they will build the new school hasn’t been decided yet。

  （2）表语从句

The question is why he likes the place so much.

The problem is not who will go but who will stay.

What I want to know is when you can put this plan into practice.

  （3）同位语从句

My original question why he did it at all has not been answered.

Have you any idea how soon they are coming.

I have no idea where Mr. Baker comes from.

  （4）宾语从句

Please explain why this is impossible.

Can you tell me who is responsible for the fire?

I can’t imagine what made him act like that.

Eat whichever one you like and leave the others for whoever comes in late.

She asked me where I was off to.

I wondered how he could make such rapid progress in his study of French.

Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.

You must give it back to whomever it belongs to.

III. what可看作是本身兼作先行词的关系代词

	the person that…  He isn’t what he used to be.
1. what =	the thing that…   He gave what he had bought to the old man. the place that…   They came to what used to be a temple.
	all that…        I’ll tell you what I know about this matter.
	all…

 2. 〔what + 名词〕使意思具体、明确，这时what兼有连接词、形容词和冠词三种功能。

I gave him what money I had with me.

→I gave him all the money I had with me.

what = all the; what money = all the money.

 

IV. 复合关系代名词的用法

1. 定义

A.     在who/ which/ what/ whose等代词后加上(e)ver即成复合关系代词。

B.      复合关系代词本身兼作先行词和关系代词。

C.      复合关系代词引出的从句可作名词，充当主语，宾语等；还可作副词用，充当状语从句。

2．用法：

A.     〔 复合关系词 = 先行词 + 关系代词 〕

 

No matter who leaves the room last, he ought to turn off the light.

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.

= Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.

B.      whoever; whosever; whomever; whichever等复合关系代词的名词用法

（a）       Whoever (=Anyone who) comes first may take it.

（b）       You may do whatever (=anything that) you like.

（c）       Return the book to whosever (= anyone whose) name is on it.

（d）       You had better see the men for yourself and choose whichever (=anyone of them that ) you like.

C.     whoever; whosever; whomever; whichever等复合关系代词的副词用法

   

 

   用来表示让步状语从句：

(a)    Whatever ( = no matter what) your problems are, they can’t be worse than mine.

(b)    Whoever(No matter who) may trouble you, I’ll help you to the last.

(c)    Whoever ( =No matter who) comes first, he is supposed to win the prize.

(d)    Whatever you may do, you must do it well.

(e)    Whoever may say so, it is a lie.                                 3

   whichever / whatever不但可以引导名词性从句，而且本身还可以用作名词在句中担任主语或宾语，或用作形容词，在句中担任定语。

     (a) You may take whichever book you like.

(b) Eat whatever food you like.  →Eat any food that you like.

(c) Read whichever story you find most interesting

 

V. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用

  1．宾语从句

   当动词suggest, order, propose, insist(坚持主张), demand, request, command, advise, prefer, require等动词后带宾与从句时，其谓语动词用should + 动词原形，其中should 可省略。例如：

(a)    China demands that Japan should return the Fishing Island.

(b)    The doctor insisted that the patient should be operated on right away.

(c)    Mr. Zhao suggested that a meeting (should) be held to discuss the problem.

(d)    We all insist that we (should) not rest until we finish the work.

(e)    Sister suggested that we should have a family party.

(f)     We demanded that he pay the bill by the end of the month.

(g)    The chairman requested the report be completed by the end of the month.

(h)    The officer ordered that we should set out at once.

  注：当insist作“坚持说”、“坚持认为”讲，suggest作“暗示”、“让人想起”时，其宾语

从句要用真实语气。例如：

(a)    He insisted that he was right.

(b)    Mary insisted that she had seen the film.

(c)    Her sad look suggested she failed in the exam.

  

  2. 主语从句

  1) It’s strange / natural / important / possible / necessary / surprising + that sb +(should) do

  2) It’s a pity / a shame + that sb. (should) do

  3) It’s ordered / suggested / requested / demanded + that sb. (should) do

  例如：

(a)    It’s strange that Mary (should) miss the lecture.

(b)    It’s a pity that Mr. Smith (should) be so careless.

(c)    It is a pity that he should miss such a golden opportunity.

(d)    It is important that you give me all the information.

 

3. 表语从句

 当名词advice, suggestion, proposal, plan, order, decision, demand, agreement, request, requirement等作主语时，其表语从句中常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should） + 动词原型，例如：

(a)    The mayor’s suggestion was that every family should have a flat of its own.

(b)    The officer’s order is that we should arrive at the village by 5:00 p.m..

 

4. 同位语从句

当名词advice, suggestion, proposal, plan, order, decision, demand, agreement, request, requirement等后跟同位语时，其同位语从句中常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should + 动词原型，例如：

(a)    At the meeting he raised a proposal that they should have a picnic on the river bank.

(b)    He made a suggestion that we should plant more trees around the school.

 

5. It is / was + about time / time / high time + that + S. + should +V.           

It is / was + about time / time / high time + that + S. + V-ed

(a)    It is time that the children went to bed.

(b)    It’s about time that you closed your store.

(c)    It is high time that he began to think how to deal with the money.

(d)    It’s high time that the government reformed the college entrance examination thoroughly.

(e)    It’s time that the children should go (went) to school.

(f)     It’s high time that Chinese government should take firm measures to lessen sand storms.