状语从句

状语从句按语义可分为：

I. 时间状语从句 (ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME)

  引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, the moment, every time, the minute, directly ( when), immediately ( when), no sooner…than, hardly / scarcely…. when, etc.

 

  1. when, while, as引起的时间状语从句。when既可以表示某个时刻，也可以表示一段时间; while只表示一段时间，其从句谓语应用持续性动词，这时when和while可以互换。As强调从句动作与主句动作同时发生。例如：

(a)    A friend of yours came to see you when you were away.

(b)    How glad he will be when(=at the time that) he hears the news!

(c)    She entered the kitchen while Mother was preparing supper.

(d)    He fell asleep while(=during the time that) (he was) studying his grammar book.

(e)    As he was running, the thief looked behind from time to time.

(f)     Just as I entered the room, I noticed something unusual.

(g)    We should strike while the iron is hot.

(h)    While / When he stayed in New York, he used to go to public libraries.

 

2.before引导的时间状语从句，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。例如：

(a)    The old man almost knocked me down before he saw me.

(b)    Before I could get in a word, the owner had measured me.(在未来得及……之前)

(c)    It wasn’t long before the whole country rose up. (不久….就……)

(d) It will be long before I come to see you again.

3.after引导的时间状语从句，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如：

(a)    After the child had gone to bed, the teacher began to prepare her lesson.

(b)    After the professor had left, everyone looked relaxed.

 

4. not …until…引导的时间状语从句，意为“直到……才……”,主句中用终止性动词；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，则句子必须用肯定式。例如：

(a)    The assistant didn’t leave the lab until he finished the experiment.(= The assistant stayed in the lab until he finished the experiment.)

(b)    Not until he finished the experiment did the assistant leave the lab.

(c)    It was not until he finished the experiment that the assistant left the lab.

(d)    She stood there until her friend had passed out of sight.

 

5. since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作或状态从过去某时间持续至今，行为动词应用完成式形式。例如：

(a)    The two young tigers have never seen any cows since they came to the world.

(b)    It is five weeks since Mr. White left his native country.

(c)    They have known each other since they came to Chengdu last year.

 

6. As soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, No sooner …than…., Hardly… when…等

                            

引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作紧接在从句动作之后，意为“一……就……”。例如：

(a)    The child couldn’t help laughing as soon as he saw his mother.

(b)    Jack seldom asks for help the moment he comes across a question.

(c)    The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.

(d)    No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain.

(e)    Hardly had the words been spoken when I realized I should have kept silent.

(f)     Everybody was assigned a job as soon as they left university.

(g)    The instant she saw him, she knew he was her brother.

(h) I will give the book to him as soon as I see him.

II. 地点状语从句 ( ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE)

  用来引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where, wherever等。

(a)    Where there is a will, there is a way.

(b)    Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.

(c)    When you read the book, you’d better make a mark where you have any questions.

(d)    I found the pen where I had left it.

(e)    They went wherever they could find work.

(f)     Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.

(g)    The thread was broken where it was the weakest.

(h)    You can put the box where you think it is proper.

(i)     Wherever we go, we must build up good relation with people.

 

III. 原因状语从句 ( ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CAUSE)

 用来引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(=now that), seeing that, considering that.

(a)         The boat turned over in the middle of the river because it was over-carried and there was a thick fog.

(b)         Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, the boss decided to give Jack a chance to correct his mistakes.

(c)         As Peter was absent from the lesson, he learned the new lesson with difficulty.

(d)         As it was already very dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night.

(e)         Now (that) you’ve grown up, you must do it all by yourself.

(f)          Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.

(g)         Since you said so, I believe it to be true.

(h)         As you are very busy, I will not waste your time.

(i)          Since / As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.

(j)          She was well paid as she had done the work well.

(k)         As there was no answer, I wrote again.

(l)          Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.

(m)       Because it was wet, he didn’t go out for a walk that day.

 

IV. 结果状语从句 ( ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT)

 用来引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：that, so that, so… that…, such… that…等。例如：

(a)    He had overslept, so that he was late for work.

                               

(b)    What have I done that you should be so angry with me?

(c)    He was very angry, so that he left the room without saying a word.

(d)    I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the knock at the door.

(e)    She was so worn out that she could hardly keep her eyes open.

(f)     It was so fine a day that all of us hoped to go out for sightseeing.

(g)    She was so moved that tears came to her eyes.

(h)    It was raining hard all night so that the rivers have risen a lot.

(i)     They took such good care of her that before long she recovered ( got well).

(j)     John was so tired that he went to bed immediately after dinner.

 

so  +	adj.  +	that + 从句
	adv.	as to + V.(原形动词)

 

  so  +  adj.  +  a / an  +  n.  +  that…

= such +  a/an  +  adj.   +  n. +  that…

 such + adj. + n. (pl./u) + that …              →不可用so

 so + many / few / much / little + n. ( + that…)   →不可用such

 

V. 目的状语从句( ADVEBILAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE)

用来引导目的状语从句的从属连词有： so that…, in order that…(为了……)等, 其谓语动词常带有can, may, will, could, might, would等。例如：

(a)    The girl finally told Tom the truth so that Tom wouldn’t misunderstand her.

(b)    The Smiths try to reduce their expenses so that they can buy a flat of their own.

(c)    The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can understand him well.

(d)    They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird’s-eye view of the city.

(e)    I got up early in order that I might catch the first train.

= I got up early in order to catch the first train.

(f)     I will put it on the wall so that everybody may look at it.

(g)    In order that no man might enter, the servant locked the door.

VI. 条件状语从句 ( ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONDITION )

用来引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(if…not), once, as long as / so long as, on condition that, suppose, in case(万一) 等。例如：

(a)    What shall we do if it rains tomorrow?

(b)    Tom will accept the job unless the salary is too low.

(c)    You can renew the book so/as long as you return it the day after tomorrow.

(d)    So long as one inch of the deck remained above the water, there was hope.

(e)    Suppose/Supposing (that) he won’t agree, what shall we do?

(f)     John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out in case he phones.

(g)    Shylock agreed to lend Antonio the money on condition that Antonio made a promise to take a pound of his flesh from whatever part of his body if he did not pay the money back at the end of the three months.                           

(h)    If you had come to my party last night, you could have met Professor Smith.

 

(i)     In case it rains, we won’t go there on foot.

VII. 让步状语从句 ( ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONCESSION )

用来引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, even if, even though, no matter how( when, where, who, what, which, whom, etc.)…, however, whatever, whether…or…, as 等。或：

动词 + as + 主语 + 助动词

分词+ as / though + 主语 + 动词

例如：

(a)    Although he talked a great deal, there was not much in what he said.

(b)    Though the factory is small, (yet) its products are of high quality.

(c)    No goals were scored though it was an exciting game.

(d)    Hob is always fond of sailing even though the waves are terrible.

(e)    Whether you agree or not, you may as well make a definite reply by 3 this afternoon.

(f)     We could have had no way out even though the doctors had been here at that time.

(g)    She didn’t listen to us however hard we tried to persuade her.

名词（无冠词）+ as / though + 主语 + 动词

(h)    Patient as she was, Mrs. Green was always in high spirits.

(i)     Child as he was, Tom was very brave.

副词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词

(j)     Much as I like, I can’t afford to buy one.

形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词

(k)    Rich as he is, Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man.

(l)     No matter where we go, we should be close to the people.

(m)  No matter how loud(ly) the lady called for help, no one lent her a hand.

(n)    No matter who you are, you should keep the government’s laws.

(o)    You may come and talk to Bob whenever you feel lonely.

VIII. 方式状语从句 ( ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER )

用来引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though 等。例如：

(a)    Mr. Lee described carefully as if he had seen it with his own eyes.

(b)    The professor told the chemistry students to do everything carefully as he did.

(c)    Lucy copied the picture excellently as though she painted it herself.

IX. 比较状语从句 ( ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF COMPARISON )

用来引导比较状语从句的从属连词有as…as…, not so/as… as…, …than…, more…than…,less… than…等。

例如：

(a)    The girls in your class are more active than the ones in my class.

(b)    This school is as large as ours. But it is not as/ so beautiful as ours.

(c)    The accident is less serious than we think.

(d)    Dennis Tito told the journalist that outer space was even more wonderful than he had expected.

(e)    This building is twice as high as that one.

(f)     Tom’s dog is as lovely as Jack’s.