介词+名词或相当于名词的词

     up and down（来来回回，上上下下）

1.     He started pacing up and down the office. （他开始在办公室里踱来踱去）

2.     She walked up and down the street, having no idea where she wanted to go. （她在街上来回走着不知道自己要去那儿）

here and there （到处）

1.     Panic here and there was only to be expected. （随处可见的恐慌并不出人意料）

2.     In colour the wall was deep cream touched here and there with fading pink. （墙面颜色是深奶油色，这和那点缀着一些浅的粉色）

stand at attention （立正行礼）

1.     We were ordered to stand to attention（我们被命令立正行礼）

2.     The soldiers were standing at attention. （士兵正在立正行礼）

elderly=old（老的）

1.     The couch is full of elderly ladies having a good time. （大巴里坐满了玩的很开心的老年女士）

the elderly （老人）

1.     The elderly and frail need extra care. （年老体弱者需要特别的关照）

2.     Unless the elderly are adequately cared for, our society can’t be described as civilized. （除非老人都得了足够的照顾，否则我们的社会就不能称之为文明的社会）

 介词+名词或相当于名词的词，可作名词后修饰语、状语、补语或表语。

１.         A woman in a white .　 （对名词的修饰语）

２.         I get up early in the morning. （状语的修饰语）

３.         I’m very grateful for your help.（充当补足语）

还可以表示地点，时间，原因，目的，方式等

１.Our train arrived at New York at midnight. （地点）

２.We look forward to her arrival at Christmas. （时间）

３.Don’t aim your gun at me. （目标）

４.They are praying for peace. （目的）

５.She keeps healthy by jogging（方式）

６.Hundreds of people died of the die ease. （原因）

７.A lot of people volunteered to donate their blood out of sympathy.  （动机）