V-ing 形式用作定语和宾语补足语

我们都知道，动词按照功能分类，可分为谓语动词（在句中作谓语）和非谓语动词（在句中不能单独作谓语）。本单元我们重点讲解非谓语动词之中的“V. –ing作定语和宾语补足语”。现归纳总结如下：


一、V. –ing作定语：

1. 单个的 V.–ing 作定语时，通常放在名词之前，作前置定语，细分为：
1). 表用途的叫动名词，如：
①.a swimming pool (= a pool which is for swimming) 游泳池
②.a reading room (= a room for reading) 阅览室
③.working method (= method of working) 工作方法

2). 表主谓关系的叫现在分词，如：
①.a swimming boy (= a boy who is swimming) 一个正在游泳的男孩
②.falling leaves (= leaves that are falling) 飘落的叶子
③.laughing people (= people who are laughing) 大笑的人们


2. 单个的 V.–ing 作定语时，如强调动作时也可放置在名词之后，作后置定语，如：
①.All the people watching clapped.
   观看的人们都鼓掌祝贺。
②.Most of the people singing were students.
   唱歌的大部分人是学生。
③.Any person objecting must write down his name on the paper.
   反对的人一定要把名字写在纸上。


3. V.–ing 的短语作定语时，通常放在名词之后，作后置定语，这时相当一个省略的定语从句，

   它又可细分为：
1).现在分词短语作后置定语，可表示进行动作，变定语从句时，多用进行时。如：
①.The American president visiting (= who is visiting) China now will

   return on Sunday.
   正在中国访问的美国总统将在周日回国。
②.Did you tell the children playing (= who were playing) there not to

   make any noise?
   你没告诉在那里玩的男孩别发出任何声响？

2).现在分词短语作后置定语，还可表示经常性动作或现在（当时）的状态，变定语从句时，

   多用一般时。如：
①.The temple standing (= which stands) on top of the hill was built in

   the 1780's.
   山顶上的寺庙是十八世纪八十年代建造的。
②.The lake lying (= which lies) on the west of Hangzhou is called the

   West Lake.
   位于杭州西边的湖叫西湖。

3). 现在分词短语作后置定语，如同被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系，又表示该动作正在进行时，

    用现在分词的被动形式“being done”，变定语从句时，多用进行时的被动语态。如：
①.The bike being repaired (= that is being repaired) now is mine.
   现在正被修的自行车是我的。
②.The building being built (= which is being built) now will be our lab.
   现在正被盖的楼房将是我们的实验室。


二、V. –ing作宾语补足语：

为了使句子的意思完整。英语中有些及物动词后除了要求跟有宾语外，还要求跟有宾语补足语

（简称为宾补）。宾语和宾补一起被叫做复合宾语。用现在分词作宾语补足语，强调的是宾补

的动作正在发生或延续。能接现在分词作宾补的动词有两类：一类是感觉动词，如: feel,

hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch, observe, catch, find 等。

另一类是使役动词，如: have, get, leave, keep, start, send, set 等。

1. 当宾语和宾补逻辑上是主谓关系时，用现在分词的主动形式“doing”，构成的句型是：

   V + O + OC (doing)，如：
①.Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window．
   忽然他听见有人轻轻敲窗子。
②.On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising from the chimneys

   in the village．
   站在山顶上，他可以看到村里升起了缕缕炊烟。
③.When camping in the mountain, we had the fire burning all the night.
   在山上宿营时，我们让火彻夜燃烧。

2. 如果宾语与宾补之间逻辑上是动宾关系，则要用 V-ing 的被动形式“being done”，

   构成的句型是：V + O + OC (being done)，如：
①.You will find the matter being talked about all over the town．
   你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。
②.The boy liked to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded．
   这男孩爱看轮船装卸货物。
③.At that time I saw the boy being tied to the pole.
   当时我看见那个男孩在被绑在柱子上。


1. Holding a ____ stick, he went into the dark cave.
   A. burning    B. burnt    C. burned    D. burn
A = a stick is burning


2. China, ____ about 9.6 million square kilometers, is one of the

   largest countries in the world.
   A. covers   B. to cover   C. covering   D. covered
C = which covers about …

3. Have you seen a girl ____ glasses ____ the room?
   A. wearing; enter    B. putting on; enter

   C. with; entered     D. in...entered
A = who is wearing … see sb do sth

4. Why do you only stand and watch the milk ___ over?
   A. boiling    B. boiled    C. from boiling    D. being boiled
A watch sb/sth doing

5. You shouldn't leave her ____ outside in the rain.
   A. waiting   B. waited   C. wait   D. to wait
A leave sb doing sth

6. ---I can't get my car ____ on cold mornings.

   ---Have you tried ____ the radiator with hot water?
      A. started; to fill   B. starting; filling

      C. start; filling     D. to start; filling
D get sb/sth to do sth try doing sth

7. Mother caught the boy ____ in the corner.
   A. smoke   B. to smoke   C. smoking   D. being smoked
C catch sb doing sth (偶然)看见某人在做某事

8. ---Do you hear someone ____ at the door?

   ---Yes, I did, I heard him ____ three times.
      A. knock; knock      B. knocking; knocking;
      C. knock; knocking   D. knocking; knock
D hear sb doing sth; hear sb do sth

9. When I got there, I found him ____ farm tools.
   A. repair    B. to repair    C. repairing    D. repaired
C. find sb doing sth

10. The two cheats ____ the candles ____ all day and all night.
    A. make; burn   B. caused; to burn   C. had; burning   D. had; burn
C have sb/sth doing sth

11. Soft drinks ____ now on TV by CocaCola are very attractive to

    customers.
    A. advertised          B. being advertised

    C. to be advertised    D. advertising
B = which are being advertised now

12. ____ water is too hot for you to drink.
    A. Boiling   B. To be boiling   C. Boiled   D. Being boiled
A boiling water 正烧开的水；boiled water开水

13. I can see ____ leaves flying with the wind.
    A. fallen   B. falling   C. fall   D. fell
    B falling leaves 落叶；falling leaves 已落地叶

14. Did you notice the boy ____ at a ____ speed?
    A. run; surprising    B. running; surprised

    C. ran; surprising    D. running; surprising
D notice sb doing sth; at a surprising speed 惊人的速度

15.---Who were those people with the flags?
   ---A group ____ itself the League of Peace.
   A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called
B = A group which calls itself the League of Peace.

16. We've built a new studium, ____ more than 5000 people.

    A. seated   B. seating   C. sitting   D. to hold

B = ...studium,which seats...