辨析:damage, harm, hurt, injure 和 spoil
乍看这几个词,觉得意思都差不多。它们都有“损害,伤害,破坏”的意思。其实,它们之间还是有不同的。
1. damage: “毁坏,损坏”,主要指造成价值,效用,完整性方面的损坏。例如:
Mr. Smith, I
wonder if we could arrange a talk about the damaged cargo
sometime.
史密斯先生,我们能不能安排个时间商谈破损货物的问题。
The water
they had thrown over everything to put out the fire damaged the
books.
为了灭火,他们把水往一切东西上泼,把书也损坏了。
2. harm: “损害,伤害”,词义具体,强调带来损失,病痛或痛苦。
Though he
knows clearly that smoking harms his health, he simply cannot give
it up.
虽然他很清楚吸烟对身体有害,但他就是戒不了。
3. hurt: “疼痛,伤害”,尤其指感情或身体遭受创伤。
Nothing hurts
more than a bad tooth, so he had to go to the dentist to have it
pulled out.
没有比牙齿坏了更疼痛的了,所以他不得不找牙医拔掉那颗坏牙。
My little boy
fell off a ladder and hurt himself. 我的儿子从楼梯上摔了下来,把自己摔伤了。
4. injure: “伤害,损害”,一般常指不公正地对待或冤屈某人,即有意识地侵害别人的权利或毁坏别人
的健康、成就等,也可以指外表、健康、安逸等遭受破坏。
The gas
polluted the surroundings and injured the health of workers and
residents of the
area.
这种气体污染环境,损害工人和该地区居民的健康。
5. spoil: 有强烈的“毁坏,毁灭”之意。指不仅造成价值,精力,兴致的“损伤”,还意味着可能造成
某种毁灭或彻底破坏,也有“宠坏”的意思。
John joined
the party and spoiled the pleasure of everyone by his impolite
behavior.
约翰参加了这个晚会,他的不礼貌行为破坏了大家的兴致。
Quarreling
completely spoiled the dinner, which broke up in discord.
争吵完全破坏了了宴会的气氛,结果宴会不欢而散。
I do hate to
spoil your fun, but I've got something urgent to tell you.
我真不愿扫了你的兴,但我有紧急的事必须告诉你。
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