人
称
代
词    主格    I    you    he she it    we    you    they
   宾格    me    you    him her it    us    you    them
物
主
代
词    形容词性    my    your    his her its    our    your    their
   名词性    mine    yours    his hers its ours    yours    theirs
反身代词    myself   yourself   himself   herself   itself ourselves yourselves themselves
  一、人称代词的用法
  1．人称代词的主格在句中作主语
  He is always thinking more of others than of himself.
  2．人称代词的宾格作动词和介词的宾语
  You can’t trust him.
  Who else wants to go for a picnic besides him ?
  注1．主格，宾格均可作表语，在口语中用宾格较多
  If I were she, I would act on the doctor’s advice.
  —— Who is knocking at the door ?
  —— It’s me.
  ※注2．作主语的人称代词孤立地使用在无谓语动词的句中，常用宾格
  —— I want an apple.
  —— Me, too.
  “What ! Me to say sorry to him ? No!”
  注3．两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是：
  单数按2，3，1人称排列；复数按1，2，3人称排列。
  You, she（Mary）and I must attend today’s meeting.
  ※I and Tom are to blame.该责备的是我和汤姆（在承认错误或自我批评时，说话人一般把自己放在他人之前讲。）
  二、it的用法
  1．代替已提到的事物或上文提及的情况
  He bought a magazine and lent it to me.
  Her mother has died. It is a terrible shock to her. 她母亲死了。这对她打击很大。
  2．用于It+be+n/adj句型中，说明天气、时间、距离等
  It is freezing cold today.
It is five minutes’ ride from here to the station.
3．（未指明但谈话双方都明白的）那件事；那种情况。
-------- Do you like it here?
------- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.
  4．代替性别尚不明的婴儿和小孩
  She was holding a baby in her arms and it was crying.
  5．作形式主语或形式宾语，代替作主语或宾语的不定式，动名词或从句
  It was kind of you to send me a present.（it作形式主语）
  I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.我通常一天步行二英里。（it作形式宾语）
  I take it that you don’t agree with me.我的理解是，你和我看法不同。（it作形式宾语）
  ☆注：少数动词，如take（理解），hate，dislike，不能直接带宾语从句，须在动词和宾语从句之间，加形式宾语it。
  5．It is/was … that …. 构成强调句，强调句中某一部分
  It was I that/who told him about it.（强调主语I）
三、物主代词
  1．形容词性物主代词只能作名词的前置定语，不能单独使用
  Those people are my schoolmates.
  2．名词性物主代词单独使用，在句中作主语，表语和宾语
  作主语 Your bike is black. Mine（Mine = My bike）is red.
  作表语 This fault is yours, not hers. 这是你的过错，不是她的错。
  作宾语 There is something wrong with my bike. May I use yours ?
  3．名词性物主代词与of连用构成双重所有格
  1）表示部分概念
  Yesterday I came across an old friend of mine（= one of my old friends）in the street.
  2）表示强调
  We show great interest in this invention of yours（= your invention）
  Be sure not to believe that daughter of hers（her daughter）千万别信她的那个女儿。
  四、反身代词
  1．作动词或介词的宾语
  She has been teaching herself English. 她一直在自学英语。
  2．作表语
  I am not quite myself today. 我今天身体不太好。
  3．作主语或宾语的同位语，译“亲自”；“本人，自己”
  The mayor himself will look into the matter. 市长将亲自调查这件事。
  You’d better ask the patient himself about his trouble.
关于病人的病情，你最好问他自己。
  4．反身代词的重要短语
  I gave the room a good cleaning all by myself. by oneself = alone /on my own 独自一人
  I will be myself in no time. be oneself 身体或大脑正常
  Please make yourself at home. 请不要受拘束
  help oneself to sth. 自行取用，随意拿取
  Help yourself to apples.
  No one was there, so she helped herself to all the money on the table.
  He came to himself a few minutes later. come to oneself 苏醒
  It is better to think for yourself.   think for onself 独立思考，自己作出决定
  I’d be grateful (thankful) if you keep this information to yourself.
   keep sth. to oneself 不把某事告诉别人
五、相互代词
  each other一般指两者；one another一般指三者或三者以上。但现在可以通用，不加区别。在句中仅作宾语，不能作主语。
  We should care for each other and help each other.
  They often stay at one another’s houses. 他们经常住在彼此的家里。
  六、不定代词
  1．some和any
  some及复合代词someone, something用于肯定句。
  any及复合代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。
  Some of the milk has gone bad.
  I haven’t any money on me.
  If anything unusual happens, let me know. 若发生异常情况，请告诉我。
  注1．若表示请求，建议，尽管是疑问句，用some，不用any。
  Would you like some more coffee ?
  Shall I bring some food to the party ?
  注2．any及复合代词也可用于肯定句，表示三者或三者以上中任何一个。
  I think any of his movies would interest you.
  —— Which would you like, tea, coffee or wine ?
  —— Any will do. 随便哪一个都行。
  2．each和every
  each用于强调两个或两个以上的人或事物中每一个。既可作定语，也可作主语和宾语。
  Each of the boys has his strong and weak points.
  There is a bookstore on each side of the street.
  every（形容词）用于表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中每一个。在句中只能作定语。
  I have read every book he lent me.
  请注意以下不定代词的特殊用法或固定搭配
  ① I have read it in some magazine.
  some修饰单数可数名词，相当于a certain
  ② She is something like his mother. 她有点像她的母亲。
  ③ He is something of an expert at computers. 他是一个出色的电脑专家。
  ④ She is nothing but a dancer. 她只不过是一个跳舞的。
    （nothing but = only）
  ⑤ He was anything but pleased at the news.听到这个消息他一点不高兴。
  （anything but = not … at all）
  3．both, either, neither和all, any, none
  both两者，双方；neither（两者）都不，（两者中）无一；either（两者之中）任何一个；
  all（三者或三者以上）全体人员，所有东西。none（三者或三者以上）都不。any（三者或三者以上中）任何一个。
  作用：1）作主语
  Both of his students are from Beijing.
  Either of the teams has the chance of winning.
  Neither of his novels is satisfactory.
  None of us have（has）ever been abroad. None of the money was paid to me.
  2）作名词的定语
  He spent all his money.
  Both sides are eager to reach an agreement.
  There is a post office on either side of the street.
  Neither seat is occupied. 两个位子都空着。
  3）both, all, each作主语同位语，位于be动词 / 助动词和行为动词中间。
  作宾语同位语，置于宾语之后。
  They are both（all）tired of reading.
  We each have different opinions about it.
  I will invite you both = I will invite both of you.
  选择：—— Have you any money ? I need some badly.
      —— Sorry.     at all.
  A. Nothing     B. No one     C. None     D. A little
  注 1.指带没有上文中提到的人或物， 用none.
      2.none 不能做定语。下句是典型病句:
       Luckily, none passengers were injured in the car accident.
       3. no one 仅指人； no one, nothing 等不定代词不能接 “of + n.”结构
       Everyone of us likes it.
判断下列句子是否正确。如果有错，请改正。
1．The Parkers bought a new house, but they will need a lot of decoration before they move in.
  A                   B             C             D
2．Some people make more money than we teachers, but few gain as much satisfaction from
A             B     C
his work.                                      
  D
3．Between you and I, we have nothing in common.
    A       B       C     D
4．You have to hurry up if you want to buy something cheap because there is hardly something
A                 B                 C
left.
D
5．The men and women who pushed the frontier（边境）Westward across America probably
              A
never thought of them as brave pioneers.
    B         C   D
6．My wife and I reached the agreement that everything is more important for us than building
A               B             C       D
a solid bank account.                                    
7．There are two buses to Baihai Park. You can take each of them.
            A           B C D
8．Believe it or not. There is such no thing which will happen here.
      A   B       C           D
9．His refusal came as none surprise. I expected it.
          A B         C   D
10．When each the pop star stepped into the hall, all the people present burst into cheers.
          A                   B     C         D
  另外，替代上述之事用that, this, it；替代下文要说的事，用this：
  Her mother was ill. That / This is why she couldn’t come.
  The problem is this：he is suffering from cancer.
  4．one和that
  1）one替代上文提到的同种类的人或事物，但非同一个人或物。
  one = a + 单数名词。
  —— What do you think of the watches ?
  —— Excellent. I’m going to buy one. = I going to buy a watch like them.
  其复数形式为ones。The white coats match the hat than the blue ones. 白色上衣比蓝色上衣更配这顶帽子。
  one只能替代可数名词。若其有形容修饰，需加“a”；若其后有限制性后置定语，需加“the”。
  例1：This hat is too small for me. Can you change it for a bigger one ?
  例2：This picture is the one my mother wants to have very much.
  2）that替代上文提到的同种类的事物。
  that = the + 单数名词，常用that of …结构。
  例1：My seat was next to that of the mayor.（that = the seat）
  例2：The air of a suburb is clearer than that of a city. 郊外的空气比都市的干净。
  that可替代可数名词（例1），也可替代不可数名词（例2）。其复数形式为those。
  Our rules are quite different from those of other organizations.
  one和that作“替代”的用法，是高考的一个重点热点。
  5．疑问代词who, what, which
  1）which既可指人，也可指物。表示在一定范围内“哪一个”。
  Which of these ideas costs the least ? 在这些办法中，哪一个花费最小？
  Which do you prefer, classical music or popular music ?
  2）who（谁），what（什么）则用于无选择范围的情况。
  Who are you talking about ?
  What is your hobby ? 你的业余爱好是什么？
  6．部分否定
  1）everyone, everything可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
  —— Is everyone here ?
  —— Yes, except Li Ming.
  2）not与both, all, everyone, everything及副词always, entirely / wholly（全部地）连用，表示部分否定，译“并非…都是”
  Not everyone is kind. = Everyone is not kind. 并非所有人都善良。
  All your answers are not correct.
  I don’t wholly agree with you. 我并不完全同意你的看法。
  选择：I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with   .
  A. everything   B. anything   C. something   D. nothing   答案A
  7．other, the other, the others, the rest, another
  1）other (adj) 其他的，仅作定语，修饰复数名词。no / some / any / many other可修饰单数或复数名词
  Can we settle this problem in other ways ? You have no other choice but to wait.
  I have many other questions to ask. Please come to my home some other time.
  2）another同类中另一个
Would you like another cup of tea ?
  Give me another chance, please.
  I need another three dollars = I need three more dollars.
  我还需要三美元。
  3）others泛指其他人，别人或其他东西，常与some对照使用，表示“有的…有的…”
  It is like her to think of others.     Some people believe in God; others don’t.
  4）the other 表示两者的另一个。
  He has two sons. One is thin and the other is fat.
  5）the others / the rest 表示除去一部分其余的人或物。the others代替可数名词；the rest可代替可数或不可数名词。
  Some of the boys went swimming, while the others lay on the beach, bathed in sunlight.
  一些男孩去游泳，其余的躺在沙滩上沐日光浴。
  用other, the other, the others, the rest, another填空：
  1）I don’t know pop music. So I can hardly tell one song from   .
  2）You might as well paint     side of the wall white.
  3）Perhaps he came here for     reasons.
  4）Some of the equipment is made in China;     is introduced from Japan.
5）We must try to meet the needs of   .

Exercise 代 词
1. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for ______ two weeks.
A. another     B. other     C. the other     D. other’s
2. ---Do you like ______ here?
---Oh, yes, the air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
  A. this       B. these     C. that         D. it
3. I like _____ in the autumn when the climate is clear and bright.
  A．it         B．that     C．this       D．one
4. We considered _____ logical（符合逻辑的）that not all plans can be put into practice.
  A．that       B．quite     C．it         D．very
5. --- Are the new rules working ?
--- Yes, ______ books are stolen.
  A．Few       B．Some     C．Less       D．None
6. --- Have you any money with you ? I need some badly
--- Sorry, but _____ .
  A．not       B．nothing   C．none       D．quite a little
7. --- How much tea is left in the pot ?
--- ______.
A．None     B．Nothing   C．Not some     D．No one
8. ---You have no difficulty finding the answer to the question?
---_______.
A. Not a little   B. No problem   C. None at all   D. Neither
9. --- Do you have_____ ready for tonight’s party ?
--- No. I still have to send all the letters of invitation.
  A．anything   B．something   C．everything   D．nothing
10. --- Do you mind if Peter join you in your work ?
  --- Yes, I do. I will be glad to work with _____ Peter.
  A．anyone but   B．no one except   C．all besides D．everyone and
11. --- Where do you think I should put this pot of flowers ?
  --- Put it on _____ side of the meeting hall.
  A．every       B．any       C．each     D．either
12. As is expected, cities like Cario and Jakarta probably would _____ have a population of 20 million by 2010.
  A．both       B．each       C．every     D．either
13. You should learn to think for yourself; nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as ______ learned by yourself.
  A．what       B．it       C．that     D．the one
14. --- Why don’t we take a little break ?
  --- Didn’t we just have _____ .
  A．it         B．that       C．one     D．this
15. If this dictionary isn’t yours, ______ can it be ?
  A．what else   B．who else   C．which elses’ D．who else’s
16. New English-Chinese dictionary has been republished many times, more up to date than the last edition.
  A．every     B．either     C．each     D．any
17. They couldn’t have dinner in a restaurant because_____ of them ____   money.
  A．all, didn’t have           B．everyone, had no
C．none, had any           D．no one, had any
18. Most of the equipment is made in China; _____ imported from Japan.
  A．others     B．the others   C．the rest     D．the other
19. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite _____ to perform skillfully yourself.
  A．another     B．other thing   C．others     D．the other
20．The man is so familiar to me. I must have met him one day _____ .
  A．or the other   B．or another   C．or else     D．or something
21. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _____ .
  A．the other is white           B．another white
  C．the other white           D．the rest white
22. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _____ couldn’t spare even one minute.
A. they       B. one       C. who     D. it
23. I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter _____ it was ?
  A．where     B．what       C．how     D．which
24．There is _____ thing _____ private ownership（私有制）of land in China today.
  A．no such a, as   B．no such, as   C．such no, as D．no such, like
25. --- Is David a man with good manners.
--- I don’t think so. As a matter of fact, he is ______ but polite.
A. something     B. everything   C. nothing     D. anything
26. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that       B. one       C. it       D. what
27. --- Can I help you?
--- I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday,__ ___ at a proper price and of great use.
A. one       B. it       C. that       D. those
28. The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they       B. it       C. one       D. which
29. --- What do you think of her idea?
--- I was not in the least surprised for I had fully expected ______.
A. that much   B. as much   C. very much   D. so much
30. --- What an amazing film. It’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen.
--- But I’m sure it won’t interest _______.
A. somebody   B. anybody   C. everybody   D. nobody
31. He seems to have little, if ______,to do with it.
A. so       B. any     C. some       D. anything
32. In that case, it was ______ she could do not to cry.
A. something   B. anything   C. all       D. nothing
33. If your daughter can make what her teachers teach ______, she will make rapid progress.
A. it       B. that     C. herself     D. hers
34. Due to lack of fund and equipment, we have ______ choice than to give up the experiments.
A. some other   B. other     C. another     D. no other
35. --- Who on earth could it be?
--- It was ______ other than Clint Eastwood.
A. nobody     B. none     C. nothing     D. not
36. --- Is Jissica a diligent student?
--- No, but she is a lazy one, if ______.
A. something   B. everything C. anything     D. nothing
1-5 ADACA   6-10 CACCA   11-15 BBCCD   16-20 CCCAB
21-25 CADBD 26-30 BABBC   31-36DCDDBC