英语句子的正常语序是：S（主语）+V（谓语）。有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，需采取倒装形式。

    倒装可分为两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称作完全倒装；只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称作部分倒装。

第一节  完全倒装

    前置部分 + V + S

    以下几种情况需采取完全倒装：

    1．以here, there, now, then等开头的句子。

    There stands a table in the middle of the room. 房子中间放着一张书桌。

          谓语  主语

    There came a cry for help from a river nearby. 从附近小河那边传来呼救声。

         谓语 主语

    Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

    Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的那个时刻终于来到了。

    注1：上述句子动词的时态通常用一般现在时或过去时，不能用进行时。

    注2：当主语为人称代词时，不用倒装，用正常语序。

    There he comes. 他来了。    Here it is. 这是给你的。

    2．表示方位的副词in, out , away, off, down, up等开头的句子。

    把上述表示方位的副词位于句首，常使用倒装，目的是为了生动形象地描写这些动作。

    Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭上了天。

    Down jumped the thief from the house. 小偷从房子上跳下来。

    注：在这种结构中，若主语为代词时，则不倒装。

    Back they came. 他们回来了。

    3．作地点状语的介词短语在句首。

    若一个句子的主语较长，为了避免头重脚轻，则采取完全倒装，将作状语的介词短语置于句首。

    Behind him hung his photo, taken on the Great Wall.

       状语   谓语  主语          定语

    （To the）north of the village stands a high mountain, covered with snow all the year round.

     4．在“Doing / Done（分词） + 状语 + be + 主语”的结构中。该句型实际上就是“主语+be + doing / done（分词）”结构，为了句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，实行倒装。

    Gone forever are the days when we Chinese people used foreign oil.

    Seated in the front is an old man in his fifties.

    Walking above the crowded streets on top of a building ten storeys high was Philippe Petit.

第二节  部分倒装

    前置部分 + 助动词或情态动词 + S + V

    以下五种情况，句子需采取部分倒装：

    1．以neither / nor或so开头的句子

    以neither / nor或so开头的句子，用于表示相同的看法，要用部分倒装结构。

    so用于肯定句，neither / nor用于否定句。

    They can afford to buy a car, so can we（= we can, too）.

    他们能买得起车，我们也能。

    I have never been abroad. Neither has he（= She hasn’t, either）.

    我从没去过外国，他也没去过。

    I know nothing about it, nor do I care（= I don’t care, either）.

    关于这件事我是一无所知，对此也无兴趣。

    注：So在句首，若只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定，这时不用倒装。

    —— He is a good student.

    —— So he is.（= Indeed he is a good student.）

    2．具有否定意义的副词或介词短语在句首

    具有否定意义的副词有：hardly, never, little, seldom, rarely（很少）, scarcely, hardly, not until, no longer, no where, no sooner…than…等

    具有否定意义的介词短语有：at no time, under no conditions, by no means等

    Never in all my life have I met such a determined person.

    Not until many years later did I know the whole truth.

    Hardly had he arrived home when his wife started complaining. 他刚到家，他的妻子就唠唠叨叨地抱怨起来。

    No sooner had he finished his talk than a man stood up and put a question to him. 他的讲话刚结束，就有人站起来向他提出一个问题。

    At no time will China first use unclear weapons. 在任何时候中国决不会首先使用核武器。

    3．以only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句在句首

    Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 到那时我才意识到我错了。

    Only in this way can we control the environmental pollution.

    Only when you have read the book, can you answer these questions.

    注：若only在句首，强调的不是状语，而是主语，句子不倒装。

    Only you understand me. 只有你了解我。

    4．not only  在句首

    由并列连词not only…but also…连接的句子，若not only放在句首，则not only所在的句子部分倒装，but also连接的句子用正常语序。

    Not only did he teach school, but（also）he wrote novels. 他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。

    注：若not only…but also…连接的是主语，句子用正常语序。

    Not only you but also she has to attend today’s meeting.

    5．当so…that…和such…that…句中的so adj. / adv.和such + n位于句首

    That dog was so fierce that no one dared come near.

    = So fierce was that dog that no one dared come near.

    It was such a bad accident that many people were killed.

    = Such a bad accident was it that many people were killed.

第三节  倒装结构在其他句型中的用法

    1．在if引导的虚拟条件状语中，如果从句中有had, were或should可省去if，将这些词提到句首。

    1）与目前事实相反

    If I were you, I would not let him off lightly.

    = Were I you, I would not let him off lightly. 我要是你，就不会轻易放过他。

    2）与过去事实相反

    If he had had time, he would certainly have come to lend you a hand.

    = Had he had time, he would certainly have come to lend you a hand.

    3）将来发生的可能性极小

    If there should be a fire, please raise the alarm at once.

    = Should there be a fire, please raise the alarm at once. 若万一发生火灾，请立即发警报。

    2．as引导让步状语从句，应将表语、状语或谓语移到句首。（见状语从句一章）

    Though he is a boy, he knows a lot.= Boy as he is, he knows a lot.

    Though he worked hard, he made little progress.

    = Hard as he worked, he made little progress.

    注：though引导让步状语从句，也有这种用法。

    Though they fought bravely, they had no chance of winning.

    = Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.

    3．为了强调宾语，可将宾语移至句首，但句子采取正常词序，不倒装。

    —— I’d like to invite you to the concert this evening.

    —— Thank you, but I’m not sure whether I’ll have time at that moment（宾语）.

    = Thank you, but whether I’ll have time I’m not sure at that moment.

倒  装  练  习

1．Not once in these years      the prices of these products.

   A．we changed    B．have we changed   C．did we change   D．we change

2．     much food did I eat that I was almost sick.

   A．Too           B．So              C．Such           D．What

3．So absorbed _____ in her work that she didn’t realize I was behind her.  

A．did she                     B．was she                  C．she did               D．she was

4．Not until I shouted at the top of my voice      his head.

   A．that he turned   B．had he turned     C．did he turn     D．that he had turned

5．--- Why can’t I smoke?

   --- At no time _______ in the meeting room.

    A. does smoking permit                B. is smoking permitted  

C. smoking is permitted                D. permits smoking

6. --- So hard      in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.

  --- I can see that; only a few mistakes      in the exam.

    A．has he worked; did he made          B．he has worked; did he made

    C．he has worked; he made             D．has he worked; he made

7．If Mr Black doesn’t attend it tomorrow,     .

    A．neither do I    B．nor shall I       C．I don’t, either    D．never will I

8．--- Your son has done a good job.

   ---     . However, there is a long way to go.

    A．So he has     B．So has he        C．So you have    D．So have you

9．On the wall      the pictures of my grandparents, taken 20 years ago.

    A．hangs        B．hanged          C．were hung     D．hang

10．Southeast of the city      two newly-built TV towers.

    A．has         B．stand           C．lie            D．is

11．    , I will learn it well.

    A．Whatever difficult Russian is        B．No matter how difficult is Russian

    C．However difficult Russian is         D．Difficult as is Russian

12．We waited and waited,      we had been looking forward to.

    A．Then came the hour               B．Then did the hour came

    C．Then the hour came               D．The hour then came

13．I’m sure you’d rather he stayed in Shanghai,          ?  

A．aren’t I       B. didn’t he        C. hadn’t you      D. wouldn’t you

14.______was his diligence that everyone praised him for it.

    A. So           B. Such            C. It             D. What

15. --- Are earthquakes common in this region?

   --- Almost never  ________.

    A. they happen    B. do they happen   C. they do happen  D. are they happening

16. _______from the fifth floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.

   A. Jumped down the murder            B. Down the murderer jumped

   C. The murderer jumped down          D. Down jumped the murderer

17. _______forever are the days when teachers were looked down upon.

   A. Gone           B. Go            C. To go            D. Going

18. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ such a beautiful palace.

   A. can you find     B. you could find   C. you can find      D. could you find

19. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _____ any end to the their influence on men’s lives.

   A. there is         B. there are        C. is there          D. are there

20. --- I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.

   --- ______.

   A. Nor am I        B. Neither would I  C. Same with me.    D. So do I.

21. ______ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.

   A. Not only they bought                B. Not only did they bring

   C. Not only bought they                D. Not only they did bought

22. Only when your identity has been checked, ______.

   A. you are allowed in                  B. you will be allowed in

   C. will you allow in                   D. will you be allowed in

23. --- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

   --- I don’t know, ______.

   A. nor don’t I care    B. nor do I care   C. I don’t care neither  D. I don’t care also

 

1-5 BBBCB   6-10 DBADB   11-15 CADBB   16-20 c/d AACB   21-23 BDB