1987年 Text 2

Part I 题目

 

   In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international.No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.

   The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus.Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator.Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete.The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.

   On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

    After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars.It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.

   Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes’ expenses.

   The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

16. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games ________.

[A] were merely national athletic festivals

[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour

[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position

[D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants

 

17. In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________.

[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games

[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part

[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in Games

[D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games

 

18. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________.

[A] has not definitely been established

[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors

[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held

[D] was considered unimportant

 

19. Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because _____.

[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results

[B] they are much better

[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past

[D] they are much worse

 

20. Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paid for ________.

[A] out of the prize money of the winners

[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations

[C] by the athletes themselves

[D] by contributions

 

 

Part II 学习

【核心词汇】

athletic [æθ'letɪk] adj. 运动的，运动员的；体格健壮的

religious [rɪ'lɪdʒəs] n. 修道士；尼姑 adj. 宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的

spectators [spek'teitəs] n. 观众；旁观者（spectator复数）

sequence ['siːkw(ə)ns] n. [数][计] 序列；顺序；续发事件vt. 按顺序排好

unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli] adv. 不幸地

suspend [sə'spend]  vt. 延缓，推迟；使暂停；使悬浮 vi. 悬浮；禁赛

succession [sək'seʃ(ə)n] n. 连续；继位；继承权；[生态] 演替

conception [kən'sepʃ(ə)n] n. 怀孕；概念；设想；开始

【参考译文】

①In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. ②The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international.③No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.

①在古希腊，运动节日非常重要且与宗教紧密相关。②为纪念奥林匹亚山的众神之主宙斯， 奥林匹克运动节每四年举办一次，最后失去了区域性特征，先是演变为全国性的运动会，当反对外国运动员参赛的规定被废除后，又继而成为了国际性的运动会。③没有人确切地知道奥运会可以追溯到何时，但是一些官方记录始于公元前776年。

①The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus.②Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator.③Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete.④The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.

①运动会八月份在奥林匹斯山旁边的平原举行。②成千上万的观众从希腊各地聚集到这里，但是已婚妇女连做观众的资格都没有。③奴隶、妇女和那些声誉不好的人不允许参加竞赛。④项目的顺序不确定，但包括男子体操、拳击、摔跤、赛马以及一些田径项目，尽管这相对于现代运动会来说项目很少。

①On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads.②So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory.③Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities.④How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

①在比赛的最后一天，所有的获胜者将会头戴一个由橄榄树叶编成的圣洁花环。②赛跑获胜者会获得极高的荣誉：他获胜的这一年将会以他的名字来命名。③尽管奥运会获胜者不会获得任何奖金，但实际上，他们会获得城邦政府所给予的丰厚奖赏。④遗憾地是，至于他们的比赛成绩与现代标准相比究竟如何，我们没有依据作出判断。    

①After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D.②They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars.③It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.

①经过大约1200 年连续的历史之后，奥运会在公元394年被罗马人取消了。②奥运会之所以能够在如此长的一段时间内连续举办是因为人们相信奥林匹克蕴含的精神：健康的体魄产生健康的思想，体育运动中的竞争精神优于导致战争的竞争。③大约1500年之后，这样的国际性运动员大聚会于1896年在雅典重新举行。    

①Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn.②The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes’ expenses.

①现在，奥运会在不同的国家轮流举办。②主办国提供大量的设施，包括体育场、游泳池和住处，但是运动员的花费由参赛国自己负责。    

①The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays.②It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium.③The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony.④The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

①由奥林匹斯山上的阳光点燃的火炬进入体育场标志着奥运会正式开始。②多人跑步将其接力传递到体育场。③火炬象征着古希腊运动思想的延续，它将一直燃烧到运动会的闭幕式。④但著名的奥运会会旗却是一个现代的概念；串连在一起的五环象征着参加运动会的五个大洲紧密团结在一起。

 

【试题精解】

 

16.In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games ________.

16. 在古希腊，奥运会______。

[A] were merely national athletic festivals

[A] 仅仅是国内的运动节日

[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour

[B] 是带有强烈的宗教色彩的国内活动

[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position

[C] 曾经有使外国参赛者处于劣势地位（B）的规定

[D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants

[D] 基本上是没有外国参赛者的国内活动

【题型】细节题

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干中的两个关键点ancient Greece和the Olympic Games将答案锁定在第一段第二句。该句以一系列的过去时态句子，说明奥运会在古代希腊的起源和改变，即奥运会是在古代就成为了世界性的活动。该句中说明这种转变是在当“针对外国参赛者不利的规定取消后”出现的，由此可知，存在过对外国参赛者的不利的规定的情况，即 C应为正确选项。

A选项的错误在于national，在古代，奥运会就已经不再是国内的活动，而发展成为了国际活动，故排除。B选项的内容对应第一段第一句，非常具有干扰性，但是第一句的主语是“athletic festivals”而不是题干的“奥运会”，虽然是原文但是不符合题干要求，故排除。D选项的内容与原文的“international”相反，故排除。

 

17.In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________.

17. 在古希腊奥运会的早期_______。

[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games

[A] 只有男性希腊运动员才被允许参赛比赛

[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part

[B] 所有性别、宗教信仰、社会地位的希腊人都被允许参赛

[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in Games

[C] 所有希腊人（妇女除外）都被允许参赛

[D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games

[D] 所有的希腊男性都有资格参赛

【题型】细节题

【答案】A

【解析】本题我们可结合选项，使用逐个排除的方法解题。第二段第三句说明，奴隶、妇女和声誉不好的人不允许参赛。所以A选项内容符合原文，为正确答案。

B选项中的irrespective of sex, social status等内容与原文相反，故排除。C、D选项都没有将奴隶和声誉不好的人排除，故错误。

 

18.The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________.

18. 古代奥运会中，比赛项目的顺序___。

[A] has not definitely been established

[A] 没有确定。

[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors

[B] 根据外国参赛者数目的不同而不同

[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held

[C] 由举办奥运会旨在纪念的（A）宙斯确定。

[D] was considered unimportant

[D] 被认为是不重要的事情

【题型】细节题

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干中的关键点“order”将答案锁定在第二段第二句。该句说明奥运会比赛项目的顺序不完全确定，据此，A选项为正确答案。

    B选项中的外国参赛者和C选项中的“Zeus”都是来自第一段的内容，但与题干没有联系，即参赛人数与比赛顺序无关，故排除。D选项内容完全属于无中生有，故排除。

 

19.Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because _____.

19. 无法将现代运动员的成绩与古代的参赛者相比，是因为___。

[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results

[A] 希腊当时没有记录成绩的方法

[B] they are much better

[B] 他们的成绩好得多

[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past

[C] 过去没有记录时间等细节

[D] they are much worse

[D] 他们的成绩差得多

【题型】因果题

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干中的关键点“Modern athletes’ results”将答案锁定在第三段最后一句。根据该句可知，两者在进行比较时“没有判断的依据”，故C为正确答案。

A选项的没有记录成绩的方法与原文“no means of telling”不一致，属于对基本事实的过度推理，故排除。B选项和D选项都属于主观干扰，都排除。

 

20.Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paid for ________.

20．现在，运动员的花费由____支付。

[A] out of the prize money of the winners

[A] 获胜者的奖金

[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations

[B] 参赛国的基金

[C] by the athletes themselves

[C] 运动员自己

[D] by contributions

[D] 赞助商提供

【题型】细节题

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键点可以将答案锁定在第五段。该段第二句在说明了如设施等费用由“host”，即主办国支付之后，其后的转折句则说明各国运动员的费用由本国负责，因此B选项为正确答案。 

其他选项都是原文干扰，即确实是原文中的内容，但不合乎题干的要求，故都排除。