Part I题目

1987 Text 1

For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up,but was only a design and was never tested.

The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.

Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.

The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of uses: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.

11.People expect that ________.

[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters

[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing

[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality in the future

[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today

12.Helicopters work with the aid of ________.

[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top

[B] a rotating device topside

[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end

[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting

13.What is said about the development of the helicopter?

[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940.

[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.

[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.

[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.

14.How has the use of helicopters developed?

[A] They have been widely used for various purposes.

[B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets.

[C] They are used for rescue work.

[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.

15.Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?

[A] For overseas passenger transportation.

[B] For extremely high altitude flights.

[C] For high-speed transportation.

[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.

Part II 学习

【核心词汇】

vertical adj.垂直的，直立的；[解剖] 头顶的，顶点的n. 垂直线，垂直面

spun adj.纺成的v. 纺（spin的过去分词）；旋转

rotation n.旋转；循环，轮流

conceive vt.怀孕；构思；以为；持有vi. 怀孕；设想；考虑

apparatus n.装置，设备；仪器；器官

awkwardly adv.笨拙地；无技巧地

hover vi.盘旋，翱翔；徘徊n. 徘徊；盘旋；犹豫

helicopter n. [航] 直升飞机

strategic adj.战略上的，战略的

rescue vt.营救；援救n. 营救；援救；解救

【参考译文】

①For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. ②In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased.③ Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up,but was only a design and was never tested.

①长久以来，垂直飞行一直是人们的梦想。②公元400年，中国儿童所玩的一种扇形玩具可以旋转上升，一旦旋转停止，它便落回地面。③李奥纳多·达芬奇构想出(conceive)首个名为“螺旋”的机械装置，它可以带人垂直上升，但这只是一种设计而从未进行测试。

①The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. ②It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. ③The vehicle was called a helicopter.

①这一由来已久的梦想终于在1940年得以实现。②俄国工程师试制了一种外形奇特的钢铁飞行器，它上面装有一个螺旋桨。③它可以从初始位置笨拙地垂直上升，在离地几英尺的地方盘旋，左右和前后移动，然后落回地面。这种工具被称为直升机。

①Imaginations were fired. ②Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. ③People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. ④Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.

①想象力就此激发。②人们梦想乘坐自己的私人直升机上下班。③他们期望垂直飞行交通手段能像如今的班机那样，承载几百万的乘客。④但是，这样的幻想却还未实现。

①The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. ②It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. ③Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. ④Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. ⑤Among their other multitude of uses: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.

①直升机如今已经成为极为有用的机器。②它在执行军事任务上表现极为出色，因为它可以运送军队、武器及战略设备到其他飞行器所无法到达的地方。③公司将直升机用作空中办公室；很多大都市区在警察工作中使用直升机；建筑与测井公司以各种先进的方法使用直升机；工程师使用直升机来选择并调查工作地；石油公司使用直升机来为离岸和偏远工作站运送人员与供应。④任何难以到达地方的紧急任务都可能成为直升机的工作。⑤它们的其他大量用途中还包括：跨地运送人员、机场来回运送、救援工作协助以及协助搜索失踪人口或通缉犯。

【试题精解】

11.People expect that ________.

11．人们期望________。

[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters

[A] 现在的航班最终会被直升机所取代

[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing

[B] 直升机能够如今的班机一样将大量人群从一个地方运送到另一个地方

[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality in the future

[C] 由俄国工程师所想象的事物可以在未来成为现实

[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today

[D] 他们对于直升机的不切实际的期待能由如今的班机得以实现

【题型】细节题

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干中的关键点“people expect”，将答案锁定在第三段第二句。该句指出，人们期望垂直飞行交通手段能像如今的航班一样可以承载成千上万的乘客。所以B为正确选项。

A选项属于对于该句的过度推理。即希望直升机可以和航班一样，是不能得到两者间存在着替代关系，故排除。C选项属于原文内容的拼凑干扰，即Russian engineer和imagination确实在文中出现，但是两者来自于两个不同的句子，不能构成选项表达的内容，故排除。D选项与原文内容不符，第三段最后一句，说明人们的期望并未实现，故排除。

12.Helicopters work with the aid of ________.

12. 直升机工作时需要________的协助。

[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top

[A] 前方和上方的旋转设备联合工作

[B] a rotating device topside

[B] 上方的旋转设备

[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end

[C] 飞行器中央和两端的螺旋桨

[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting

[D] 下方帮助抬升的螺旋桨

【题型】细节题

【答案】B

【解析】题干中短语“work with the aid”译为“在什么的协助下工作”。由于题干中没有有效的定位内容，则我们可以通过逐个排除选项的方法来解题。四个选项中共有的rotating出现在第二段第一句，即“with a rotating fan on top”，说明其位置在顶部，所以B为正确选项。

A选项无中生有的添加了“in front”，故错误。C、D选项与原文的“with a rotating fan on top”不一致，故排除。

13.What is said about the development of the helicopter?

13．关于直升机的发展，以下哪一项是正确的？

[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940.

[A] 人们自1940年以来才开始研制直升机。

[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.

[B] 中国儿童是最初实现直升机飞行的。

[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.

[C] 直升机被认为比早期飞机更危险。

[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.

[D] 一些人认为它们可以为普通人广泛使用。

【题型】细节题

【答案】D

【解析】文章第一段第一句中历数了以前人类的种种尝试，第二段第一句提到1940年人们实现了这一梦想，所以A选项的“have only been worked on since 1940”与原文不一致，故排除。第二段明确指出“直升机于1940年由俄国工程师发明”，所以B选项中的“中国儿童” 是用第一段内容拼凑，来干扰考生，故排除。在原文中没有提及helicopter和airplane安全性比较，属于无中生有，故排除C选项。第三段第三句中提到人们的期望，期望就是人们的想法，所以D选项可以看做是对这一句的概括，为正确选项。

14.How has the use of helicopters developed?

14. 直升机的用途如何发展？

[A] They have been widely used for various purposes.

[A] 它们被广泛用于各种目的。

[B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets.

[B] 它们取代高空飞行喷气式飞机。

[C] They are used for rescue work.

[C] 它们被用于救援工作。

[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.

[D] 它们如今被专用于商业项目。

【题型】细节题

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干中的关键点“use”将答案锁定在第四段。在第四段中，作者详细说明了直升机的各种用途，所以A选项中广泛应用“widely used for various purposes”正是对这一段落的概括，故为正确选项。

B选项中的高空飞行器属于无中生有，故排除。C选项的“用于救援”，虽然符合原文的最后一句内容，但是不够全面，故不能作为最优选项。D选项也是符合原文，但是只是其中一个方面，故也不能作为最优选项。

15.Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?

15. 在以下哪种情况下，直升机是必须的？

[A] For overseas passenger transportation.

[A] 跨洋旅客运送。

[B] For extremely high altitude flights.

[B] 极高纬度飞行。

[C] For high-speed transportation.

[C] 高速度交通。

[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.

[D] 其他飞行器无法到达地方的紧急任务。

【题型】细节题

【答案】D

【解析】第四段第二句说明，“直升机可以到达其他飞行器无法到达的地方”。同时又说明“任何难以到达地方的紧急任务都可能成为直升机的工作”。即直升机可以到达很多别的飞行器无法到达的地方去完成任务，D选项正确。

A选项利用原文中出现的“transportation”来设置干扰，但“oversea”属于无中生有，故排除。B选项中的“极高纬度”的内容以及C选项中的“高速交通”都是在文中没有出现的内容，属于无中生有，因此也予以排除。

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