单词练习(一) 选择正确的介词填入下列短文的空格中。（Choose the correct preposition to fill

in each blank of the following passage.）
A Rainy Morning
      In the morning it started to rain. It was the first rain    1    the year and it marked

the beginning of the rainy season. The drops whish fell were large, and they fell straight

down, the familiar pattern of a rainy day   2   some many parts of the world. The rain fell

heavily. It fell continuously and it saturated everything that lay in its way.
      During the rain most people kept    3    their homes. But a few walked not minding the

wetness of their clothes and determined to carry on as usual. And,    4   those who wished to

keep dry however much it cost them, there were always the taxis. They splashed by    5    the

road, with the window-screen wipers revealing only glimpses    6    the streets.
      When the rain had started, the drivers had had only the big puddles to miss, but later

on, when the whole road swam    7    water, all dangerous pits had been hidden, and the faces

looking    8    the window-screens were ever more anxious than before because it is easy to

skid    9    an open drain when the road has become a river, and the deep drain is just a part

of it.
      However, for most people that morning, the taxis and cars were just things to be looked

at    10    the rooms booming    11    the sound of rain from their roofs. As the water had

started to come in    12    the front door and, for a while at least, efforts had to be made

to keep it out. These attempts were generally short-lived because when a whole street flows   

13   water and the level is steadily rising, people can do little to stop the water taking its

course. Many houses became flooded, and their tenants waited patiently    14    the rain to

stop. But then there was plenty more    15    it to come. It was obviously going to continue

for a long time.

 ( ) 1.  A.in B.of C.from D.to 
 1.B  ( ) 2.  A.in B.at C.from D.of 
 
2.A ( ) 3. A.in B.at C.from D.to 
 
3.D ( ) 4.  A.in B.among C.for D.of 
 
4.C ( ) 5. A.along B.on C.in D.across 
 
5.A ( ) 6.  A.at B.of C.from D.through 
 
6.B ( ) 7.  A.into B.of C.from D.with 
 
7.D  ( ) 8. A.out of B.at C.form D.through 
 
8.D ( ) 9.  A.to B.across C.into D.out 
 
9.C( ) 10. A.into B.from C.among D.through 
 
10.B ( ) 11. A.with B.of C.at D.from 
 
11.A ( ) 12. A.at B.on C.near D.from 
 
12.A ( ) 13. A.out B.against C.with D.from 
 
13.C ( ) 14. A.in B.out C.of D.for 
 
14.D( ) 15. A.in  B.of C.at D.with  
 
15.B
  单词练习二 在下列短文中填入正确的介词。（Fill in each blank of the following passage with

the correct preposition.） 

Why Is Fibre Important?
          1    hundreds     2    thousands     3   years, man’s food came mainly     4  

plants.
He ate cereals (     5    wheat ), pulses (     6    beans and peas ), vegetables, fruit and

nuts. So our ancestors were used to eating the sort     7    food that contains a lot of

fibre.
          8    comparison     9    our ancestors, the sort     10    food we eat today

contains very little fibre. Our main foods are meat, eggs and dairy products, which contain no

fibre   11    all.
      Lack     12    fibre seems to be connected     13    various disorders     14    the

digestive system. Some experts also believe that lack     15    fibre may even lead    16   

heart disease.
      If you’re worried     17    your weight, eating more fibre may actually help you to

slim! Food     18    plenty of fibre     19   potatoes or bread can be satisfying     20   

giving you
too many calories.

   第二节．构词法 （Word Formation）
    学好英语的构词法首先有利于丰富和扩大词汇量，其次能保证拼写的正确率。中国学生
常常出现拼写错误的原因就是没有注意构词法的缘故。比如，英语中有些动词可以在后面加
上后缀-ar, -er, 或-or 变成名词，表示一个人的职业或身份，但不少学生常会出错。其实英语中动词后面

加-ar的只有少数几个，如：beggar, liar, registrar, scholar。动词后面加-er的大都是些常用的词，如

：baker, beginner, dancer, driver, manager,traveler等。动词后加-or的属于拉丁词尾，大部分为文化

人，而且动词本身意思相对比较高深，如：actor, confessor, editor,conqueror, investor,

orator,professor, successor等。因此，学习构词法也需要我们在学习过程中多加分析、归纳和总结。
    英语的构词法一般可以分为四种：前缀，后缀，派生和合成，下面分别介绍。
    1）前缀（Prefix）在英语单词的词干前加上一个词缀，使其意思或词性发生变化。英语的前缀种类很

多，常用的有否定前缀。反义前缀，程度前缀，时间前缀，顺序前缀，数量前缀和其他前缀等。以下介绍一

些常用的前缀，并列举一些单词。
  (1) 否定 (negative prefixes)
    un- (= not): uneven, unfortunate, uncover
    non- (= not): non-essential, non-personal, non-aligned
    dis- (= not): disobey, disloyalty, dishonest
    in- (= not): incomplete, incorrect, impossible, impolite
    ir- (= not): irregular, irresistible, irresponsible
    il- (= not): illegal, illiterate, illogical
  (2) 反义 (reversative prefixes)
    dis- (= reversing the action): disconnect, discover 
    un- (= reversing the action): undo, unpack, unlock
  (3) 程度 (prefixes of degree or size)
    out- (= surpassing): outnumber, outlive
    over- (= excessive): overeat, overwork, overweight
    super- (= more than, very special): superman, supermarket, superpower, supernatural
    under- (= too little): underestimate, underprivileged, underachievement
  (4) 贬义 (derogatory prefixes)
    mal- (= badly, bad): maltreat, malnutrition
    mis- (= wrongly, astray): misspell, mislead
  (5) 时间和顺序 (prefixes of time and order)
    fore- (= before): foretell, forecast, forehead, foreleg
    post- (= after): post-war, post-classical, postgraduate 
    re- (= again): reeducate, resettle, redouble, reconsider
  (6) 数量 (prefixes of number)
    hemi- (= half): hemisphere, hemicycle
    semi- (= half): semiannual, semiautomatic, semi-colony, semiconductor
    mono- (= one, single): monologue, monocycle, monotonous, monoxide
    bi- (= twice, both): bicycle, bilingual, bicentenary, biweekly,bicentennial
    tri- (= three): tripod: triangle, trisect 
    quadr- (= four): quadrangle, quadruple, quadroon, quadruped
    multi- (= many): multi-coloured, multiply, multi-purpose, multilateral
    centi- (= hundred): centigrade, centigram, centimeter
  (7) 其他 (other prefixes)
    auto- (= self): automation, autobiography, autonomous
    tele- (= over a distance): telescope, telephone, telegram, telegraph 
    en- 1. 有名词或动词变为动词 (= to put or get into): endanger, entrain,enjoy 
        2. 有形容词变为动词 (= to cause to be): enlarge,enrich,enslave,enable
    2）后缀（Suffix）顾名思义是在英语的单词后面加上一个词缀。加上后缀的英语单词一般有两种意义

上的变化。一是词性发生变化，而二是单词的意思发生变化。英语的后缀种类很多，常用的有名词后缀、形

容词后缀、动词和形容词后缀等。下面介绍一些常用的后缀形式，并列举一些单词。
  (1) 名词后缀
    -age 如： marriage, linkage, postage, shortage 
    -al 如： arrival, refusal, proposal, renewal, trial
    -ance; ence 如：importance, significance, difference, independence 
    -ar, -er, -or 如：beggar, liar, teacher, officer, inspector, instructor
    -cian 如： electrician, mathematician, musician, technician 
    -ee 如： employee, nominee, testee, trainee 
    -ess 如： actress, hostess, princess, waitress
    -ful 如： handful, armful, mouthful, spoonful
    -hood 如： boyhood, childhood, likelihood, neighbourhood
    -ment 如： movement, excitement, enjoyment 
    -ness 如： carelessness, goodness, happiness, tiredness 
    -lity 如： acceptability, equality personality, possibility
    -ology 如： biology, psychology, sociology, zoology
    -ship 如： friendship, sportsmanship, scholarship
    -sion 如： conclusion, discussion, expansion, persuasion
    -th 如： depth, growth, truth, width
    -tion 如： explanation, pollution, supposition, suggestion
    -ty 如： beauty, cruelty, loyalty, specialty
  (2) 形容词后缀
    -al 如：accidental, additional, conditional, conventional, national
    -ant; -ent 如：convenient, different, important, radiant, resistant 
    -ful 如：careful, mouthful, spoonful, useful
    -ial 如：financial, industrial, social, superficial
    -ish 如：bookish, childish, foolish, girlish
    -istic 如：artistic, idealistic, linguistic, ritualistic
    -ive 如：active, conductive, protective, relative
    -less 如：careless, hopeless, homeless, useless
    -ly 如：daily, fatherly, quarterly, weekly 
    -ous 如：curious, continuous, dangerous, various
    -y 如：healthy, icy, rainy, sunny, watery 
    另外，有些以-ible和-able结尾的形容词意思都一样，但几乎所有的英语学习者很难掌握什么词后面加

-ible，什么词后面加-able。下面一些规则也许可以帮助你正确地区分和使用这两个后缀。
  a) 一些由辅音结尾的动词，直接加-able，如：read---readable, regret---regrettable, work---

workable, forget---forgettable, understand---understandable, respect---respectable, accept---

acceptable, profit---profitable, laugh---laughable, punish---punishable 
  b) 一些由元音e结尾的动词，在词尾删去e加-able，或直接加-able, 如：believe---believable, note

---notable, admire---admirable, convene---convenable, notice--- noticeable, change---

changeable, agree---agreeable 
  c) 一些动词如果转换成名词时，是由tion结尾的，而且tion前面有a (-a-tion)，加-able, 如：

estimable (estimation), limitable (limitation), quotable (quotation), reputable (reputation),
adaptable (adaptation), rotatable (rotation), laudable (laudation) 
  d) 一些动词如果转换成名词时，是由-sion或-tion结尾的，但-sion和-tion 前面都没有a， 加-ible，

如：convertible (conversion), accessible (accession), admissible (admission),convincible

(conviction), addible (addition), conductible (conduction), perceptible (perception) 
  e) 一些动词如果转换成形容词时，另加-ive结尾的，加-ible，如：defensible (defensive),

digestible (digestive), persuasible (persuasive), suppressible (suppressive), permissible

(permissive), producible (productive)
  f) 部分以y结尾的动词，删去y 加 -i，再加 -able，如：deny---deniable, rely---reliable, vary--

-variable, verify---verifiable, modify---modifiable
  (3) 动词后缀
    -ate 如：consolidate, facilitate, isolate, separate 
    -en/ 如： fasten, redden, shorten, strengthen
    -fy 如： beautify, electrify, modify, personify 
    -ize/-ise 如：criticize, magnetize, modernize, organize, realize
  (4) 副词后缀    -ly 如：curiously, additionally, practically, authentically
    -ward (s) 如：upward, forward, backward, eastward, southward
    注意，由ly和ward结尾的单词，有时也可以用作形容词。
    3）派生（Conversion）英语的派生词主要是单词词性之间的转换，通常有1）名词派生为动词；2）形

容词派生为名词；3）形容词派生为动词。这种词性转换，单词本身没有前、后缀和任何的拼写变化，所以

也称零派生（zero derivation）。如：This kind of flower should not be watered every day. 其中

water一词由名词派生为动词。而把belief当作动词用，应该是用believe，这就不属于派生。从派生词运用

的频率来看，最多的是名词当动词使用。派生词的运用可以使句子中意思的表达更为直接生动。请看下面句

子中所使用的派生词。
  1) 名词派生为动词：
    1. We shall carpet the room. （作“铺地毯”解）
    2. A group of policemen were stationed in the area after the explosion.（作“驻扎”解）
    3. The car backed through the gate of the hall. （作“倒退、倒车”解）
    4. They decided to back his plan. （作“支持”解）
    5. It was late at night that they topped the high mountain. （作“登顶、到达”解）
    6. The birds were caged, water was bottled, and the old man began to wander with them

early in the morning. （作“关进笼子；装进瓶子”解）
    7. I cannot really picture such a kind man as a murderer. （作“想象”解）
    8. These people frequently guest at the lunch in the restaurant. （作“做客”解）
  2) 形容词派生为名词：
    1. Everyone, whether the rich or the poor, should obey the law. （作“穷人，富人”解）
    2. The severe winter wind blew terribly upon the whole island, upon all the living and the

dead.（作“活着的和死去的人们”解）
    3. He had done the impossible. （作“不可能的事情，难以想象的事情”解）
    4. In retrospective of the past few months, he is satisfied with his work.（作“回顾”解）
    5. You have to distinguish between right and wrong. （作“是非”解）
    6. The top students are given the right of reading in the teachers’library.（作“权利”解

）
  3) 形容词派生为动词：
    1. They had to clear the snow from the street.（作“清扫”解）
    2. That African country has been freed from economic crisis. （作“解脱、恢复”解）
    3. Tian An Men Square is frequented by people from all walks of life. （作“经常（参观）光

顾”解）
    4. You have wronged him by saying that he was dishonest. （作“冤枉”解）
    4）合成（Compounding）英语合成词（也可称复合词）一般是有两个单词相加而成的。合成词一般可以

作为名词、形容词和动词使用。如：blackboard（合成名词）；well-informed（合成形容词）；overcome

（合成动词）。下面介绍一些合成词构成的方式。
  (1) 名词+名词
    bookcase, chairman, classroom, earthquake, newspaper, policeman
  (2) 名词+形容词
    colour-blind, snow-white, seasick, world-wide
  (3) 名词+ing; ed
    earth-shaking, paper-making, peace-loving, hand-made, man-made snow-covered,
  (4) 形容词+ing; ed
    fine-sounding, old-fashioned, open-minded, ready-made, white-haired 
  (5) 形容词+名词
    blackboard, blueprint, highway, second-hand, supermarket
  (6) 形容词+形容词
    bitter-sweet, dark-blue, light-yellow, red-hot, light-weight
  (7) 副词+过去分词
    newly-built, badly-lighted, highly-developed, so-called, well-known
  (8) 副词+名词
    downtown, outbreak, outdoor, overcoat, upstairs, upset
 构词法练习：（Exercises for word formation）
改写括号内的单词，使之能符合下列各句的意思。（Behind each of the following sentences there is

a word in the bracket. Change the word so that it can fit the sentence.）
1. Young as he is, John gets a _________ amount of annual income. (consider) 
considerable 
2. Only ________ young university students can be employed as leading roles in the firm.

(ideal) 
idealistic
3. They don’t like to attend the opening ceremony because of the ________ routines. (ritual) 

 
ritualistic 
4. They are anxious to become ________ during the 2010 Expo in Shanghai. (voluntary)
volunteers
5. The TV show was interrupted by too many _______. (commerce)  
commercials
6. The courses I was compelled to take were _______ to my major. (relevant) 
irrelevant
7. We were ______ disappointed that he didn’t come either. (double) 
doubly
8. She has a great ______ to her husband. (attach)
attachment
9. We had to put off our trip because of the ______ of the sudden snowstorm. (occur) 
occurrence
10. The boy only had a little schooling, but he was able to do complicated ______ (multiply) 
multiplication
11.The emergence of new evidence calls for ______ of our project. (consider) 
reconsideration
12. It is ______ for them to appear in some blue uniform. (custom) 
customary
13. It is a delightful, ______ place for a short holiday trip. (relax) 
relaxing
14.These room are not at all ______ in size. (compare) 
comparable 
15. His novels describe the ______ of human character and capacity. (divert)
diversities
16. I was overcome by an almost ______ desire to sing a song. (resist) 
irresistible 
17. An ______ is a person who is being interviewed. (interview)

 interviewee 
18. I don’t like going to bed leaving my work ______. (do) 

 undone
19.A ______ is someone whose job is to advise people about what they should or should not eat

in order to be healthy. (diet) 

 dietician 
20.She finds looking after her child very ______. (reward) 
   将下面句子改写成独立主格句。（Rewrite the following sentences by using absolute

construction.）
 1. Since there was nothing to do, I left the office.

 1. There being nothing to do, I left the office.
 

2. As soon as the storm was over, the ship continued her voyage to Africa.

 2. The storm being over, the ship continued her voyage to Africa.
 

3. If all things are considered, I think we must start right away.

 3. All things considered, I think we must start right away.
 
4. How can they continue their work if you stand there? 

 4. How can they continue their work you standing there?
 
5. When the office building is completed, they can work in there.
 5. The office building completed, they can work in there.
 
6. After the last documents had been typewritten, the boss and his secretary left their

office.
 6.The last documents having been typewritten, the boss and his secretary left their office.
 
7. Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be put off.
 7. So many people being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
 
8. Because that day was a holiday, all the shops were closed.
 8. That day being a holiday, all the shops were closed.
 
9. As the football match was over, there was no point in our waiting any longer.
 9. The football match being over, there was no point in our waiting any longer.
 
10. If it is fine tomorrow, they will go outing.