1 IN DECEMBER last year, three weeks after the terrorist attacks in Mumbai and in the midst of the worst global recession since the 1930s, 1,700 bright-eyed Indians gathered in a hotel in Bangalore for a conference on entrepreneurship. They mobbed(=crowd) business heroes such as Azim Premji, who transformed Wipro from a vegetable-oil company into a software giant, and Nandan Nilekani, one of the founders of Infosys, another software giant. They also engaged in a frenzy of networking. The conference was so popular that the organisers had to erect a huge tent to take the overflow. The aspiring entrepreneurs did not just want to strike it rich（暴富）; they wanted to play their part in forging a new India. Speaker after speaker praised entrepreneurship as a powerful force for doing good as well as doing well.

（1）overflow“溢出来的”，也就是容纳不下的人。 英文中词汇尤其丰富，其最大的优势就是表达一些意思非常精确。从这个角度来说，一个人词汇量的大小，尤其是心理词库的大小是衡量其英文水平的一杆很好的标尺。

（2） 结尾处doing good as well as doing well是个很有意思的表达。“做好事并将其做好”。

（3）forge 比喻性动词。

2 Back in 1942 Joseph Schumpeter gave warning that the bureaucratisation of capitalism was killing the spirit of entrepreneurship. Instead of risking the turmoil of “creative destruction”, Keynesian economists, working hand in glove with（密切合作） big business and big government, claimed to be able to provide orderly prosperity. But perspectives have changed in the intervening decades, and Schumpeter’s entrepreneurs are once again roaming the globe.

3 Since the Reagan-Thatcher revolution of the 1980s, governments of almost every ideological stripe have embraced entrepreneurship. The European Union, the United Nations and the World Bank have also become evangelists. Indeed, the trend is now so well established that it has become the object of satire.（如此说明一件事情有影响力）【 Listen to me, says the leading character in one of the best novels of 2008, Aravind Adiga’s “The White Tiger”, and “you will know everything there is to know about how entrepreneurship is born, nurtured, and developed in this, the glorious 21st century of man.”】

（1）evangelist 意为布道者、传福音者。在这里引申作比喻义，是支持者。但这种支持者不是一般的支持者，他们充满了虔诚和热情。

（2）Indeed, the trend is now so well established that it has become the object of satire.说明一件事情有影响力，不一定非得用形容词。这句话是一个很好的启示，我们写作时可以试着在少用形容词的情况下增强句子的表达效果。

4 【This special report will argue that the entrepreneurial idea has gone mainstream, supported by political leaders on the left as well as on the right, championed by powerful pressure groups, reinforced by a growing infrastructure of universities and venture capitalists and embodied by wildly popular business heroes such as Oprah Winfrey, Richard Branson and India’s software kings.（此部分以整齐的结构见长）】 The report will also contend that entrepreneurialism needs to be rethought: in almost all instances it involves not creative destruction but creative creation.

5 The world’s greatest producer of entrepreneurs continues to be America. The lights may have gone out on Wall Street, but Silicon Valley continues to burn bright.（借代） High-flyers from around the world still flock to America’s universities and clamour to work for Google and Microsoft.（词汇选择得当，一致，很具图像感） And many of them then return home and spread the gospel.

（1）第二句运用了借代修辞，表达效果不言而喻。

（2）结尾处的spread the gospel就是第三段中evangelist做的事。作者选词很注重一致性，表达得很生动。

6 The company that arranged the oversubscribed conference in Bangalore, The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE), is an example of America’s pervasive influence abroad. TiE was founded in Silicon Valley in 1992 by a group of Indian transplants who wanted to promote entrepreneurship through mentoring, networking and education. Today the network has 12,000 members and operates in 53 cities in 12 countries, but it continues to be anchored in the Valley. Two of the leading lights（头韵） at the meeting, Gururaj Deshpande and Suren Dutia, live, respectively, in Massachusetts and California. The star speaker, Wipro’s Mr Premji, was educated at Stanford; one of the most popular gurus, Raj Jaswa, is the president of TiE’s Silicon Valley chapter（分会）.

（1）leading lights这个词组不仅运用了头韵修辞，而且烘托出了会场的那种气氛。一石双鸟，值得学习。

（2）guru原意为印度教的精神领袖，现多用意指某一领域的专家，相当于expert。同义词还有pundit，源自梵文。由此可窥见英文的包容性。我个人推测英语的命运和它的包容性密不可分。

7 The globalisation of entrepreneurship is raising the competitive stakes for everyone, particularly in the rich world. Entrepreneurs can now come from almost anywhere, including once-closed economies such as India and China. And many of them can reach global markets from the day they open their doors, thanks to the falling cost of communications.

8 For most people the term “entrepreneur” simply means anybody who starts a business, be it a corner shop or a high-tech start up. This special report will use the word in a narrower sense to mean somebody who offers an innovative solution to a (frequently unrecognised) problem. The defining characteristic of entrepreneurship, then, is not the size of the company but the act of innovation.

（1）use the word in a narrower sense “狭义上讲”。可以说是议论文写作必备表达。

9 A disproportionate number of entrepreneurial companies are, indeed, small start-ups. The best way to break into（成功参与，顺利打入）a business is to offer new products or processes. But by no means all start-ups are innovative: most new corner shops do much the same as old corner shops. And not all entrepreneurial companies are either new or small. Google is constantly innovating despite being, in Silicon Valley terms, something of a long-beard.

（1） a disproportionate number of 在这里其实就是很多的意思。多究竟有多少？disproportionate一词说明了多得不成比例，表达效果明显强于a large number of等。

（2）products or processes（工艺流程，在这儿为头韵之需要，作“服务”一义）

10 This narrower definition of entrepreneurship has an impressive intellectual pedigree（渊源） going right back to Schumpeter. 【Peter Drucker, a distinguished management guru, defined the entrepreneur as somebody who “upsets and disorganises”. “Entrepreneurs innovate,” he said. “Innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship.”】【 William Baumol, one of the leading economists in this field, describes the entrepreneur as “the bold and imaginative deviator from established business patterns and practices”.】【 Howard Stevenson, the man who did more than anybody else to champion the study of entrepreneurship at the Harvard Business School, defined entrepreneurship as “the pursuit of opportunity beyond the resources you currently control”.】【 The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, arguably the world’s leading think-tank on entrepreneurship, makes a fundamental distinction between “replicative” and “innovative” entrepreneurship. 】

（1）框住部分可做绝佳论证素材。