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反意疑问句教学反思

(2011-06-16 17:19:11)
标签:

英语

方法

教学

反思

分类: 烟子涂鸦

    八年级英语下册最后一个单元,教学反意疑问句,备课组的同事们都嘀咕太boring了,老师教得没劲,学生学得也没劲,部分学生学完之后还是纠结。

    我用了三节课教学本单元,前两节课便解决了这个语法的所有问题。

首先,引导学生归纳疑问句的种类,让他们认识反意疑问句。英语中共有四种疑问句:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

Do you like English? (一般疑问句)

When did you get there? (特殊疑问句)

Will you go to Beijing this week or next week? (选择疑问句)

It’s a nice day, isn’t it?  (反意疑问句)

反意疑问句(the disjuntive questions)也叫附加疑问句(Tag questions),是在一个陈述句的后面,附上一个简单的问句,对前面陈述的内容提出相反的疑问。因此, 归纳总结的时候,提醒学生注意两点:

1. 陈述句部分若是肯定句,后面的问句必须是否定结构;若陈述句部分是否定句,疑问句部分就要是肯定结构。因此有两种句式:A.+否?”;B.+肯?”。句中有如下否定词:not, no, never, nothing, nobody,hardly, seldom, few, little, scarely, rarely,nowhere等,后面的疑问句必须是肯定的;   

2. 后面问句的主语和谓语在人称、时态和数三个方面必须与前面的陈述句部分保持一致。例句:

1.     It’s a fine day, isn’t it?

2.     They come from UKaren’t they?

3.     Peter likes playing tennis, doesn’t he?

4.     There was a class meeting in our class yesterday, wasn’t there?

5.     You have ever been to HK, haven’t you?

6.     She had a headache yesterday morning, didn’t she?

7.     Jenny can dance well, can’t she?

8.     I am Chinese, aren’t I/ain’t I?

9.     She is unhappy, isn’t she?

10. Nothing is difficult, isn’t it?

11. Everyone wants to watch the movies, doesn’t he/ don’t they?

12. Walking is good for health, isn’t it?

13. Nobody phoned me while I was out, did they?

14. Few people know him, do they?

15. There is little water in the bottle, is there?

16. He has never been to Beijing, has he?

在祈使句的反意疑问句中,Lets开头的句型后,用shall we, 其它的祈使句后都用will you

Please turn off the lights, will you/won’t you?

Don’t be late for class, will you?

Let us go out, will you/won’t you?

Let’s go to the movies, shall we/shan’t we?

如果动词thinkbelievesuppose带有宾语从句时,反意部分助动词肯定、否定形式要依从句而定。如:

I don’t think he is right, is he?

值得注意的是,对反意疑问句B句型如何回答的问题,是教学的难点,我用学生熟悉的事物举例说明:

Mr Ma isn’t our physics teacher, is he? Yes, he is. (马老师不是我们的物理老师,对吗?,他是的。)

Jay isn’t a teacher, is he? No, he isn’t. (Jay不是老师,对吗?,他不是。)

让学生练习:

1.     A: There is no air or water on the moon, is there?

B: No, there isn’t.

2.     A: Jane didn’t come to school yesterday, did she?

B: No, she didn’t. She was badly ill and stayed at home.

3.     A: She didn’t come to school yesterday, did she?

B: Yes, she did. Though she was not feeling well.

4.     A: Jack hasn’t paid for the school things, has he?

B: No, he hasn’t. His father will pay for him.

    提醒学生注意:这一类反意疑问句,根据事实回答,若事实是肯定的,就用“Yes+肯定结构”;若事实本身是否定的,就用“No+否定结构”回答,这里的yes理解为“不”,而no理解为“是的”;切忌犯这样的语法错误:用“Yes+否定结构”或“No+肯定结构”回答此类问题。  

 

                       知识存储:           

                    十八种特殊的反意疑问句:

1.     祈使句。 祈使句后一般附上will youwon't you,构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:   

Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you? 看黑板,好吗?

  Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:

  1)Let's..., 后的反意疑问句,用shall weshan't we。例如:

    Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 我们回家,好吗?

    还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。

  2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will youwon't you。例如:

  Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?

2. 感叹句。感叹句后附加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如:

  What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?

3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如:

  He needs help, doesn't he? 他需要帮助,是吗?

4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I ain't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如:

  I'm working now, aren’t / ain't I? 我在工作,是吗?

5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anythingsomething 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:

  Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?

 6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither , 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如:

  Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?

  No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?

7. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词thisthat时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词thesethose时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如:

  This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?

  These are grapesaren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?

8. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:

  One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?

9. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldomhardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:

  He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?

10. 当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:

  It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧?

 

11. 含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:

  You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?

12. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如:

  What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?

13. 当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:

  I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?

14. have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:

  They had a meeting just nowdidn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?

15. 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:

  You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?

16. 陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:

  There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?

17. 陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如:

  We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?

18. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn'tneedn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:

  He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?

  Tom must be at homeisn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?

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