现在完成时用法

烟子编写 

一、构成：have/has + 过去分词

二、过去分词的构成

   1、规则的动词的过去分词的变化，与规则的动词过去式一样在词尾加-ed。

动词原型	动词的过去式和过去分词
watch	watched
close	closed
stop	stopped
carry	carried

2、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词 ，请见八年级英语下册P120不规则动词表。

 三、现在完成时用法之一：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。与之连用的时间状语有：already (      ), yet (否定句：       疑问句：        ), just (     ), ever (     ), never (     ), before (    ), recently (     ), so far (           )等等。

这是现在完成时的“完成用法”，指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 　　例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况：灯现在不亮了。) 　　

例句：1. I have already washed the car. 我已经洗过了车。 　　

2. I have just washed the car .　我刚刚洗过车了。 　　

3. She has watered the flowers today.　她今天已经浇了花。　

4. We have ever listened to the foreign music.　我们曾经听过外国音乐。　

5. I have recently written the letter to my friend but I haven't posted it yet. 我最近给我的朋友写了封信，但我没有寄出去。

   6. They have learnt to sing seven English songs so far.

到目前为止，他们已经学唱了七首英语歌曲。

 7. He has never heard of such a thing before.

 他以前从来没有听说过这样的事。

现在完成时“完成用法”的特点，是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与下列时间状语连用, 如：already，yet，before，recently等，频度时间状语，如：never，ever，once等，包括现在时刻在内的时间状语，如：this morning / month /year...，these days，today等。

 

    四、现在完成时用法之二：表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，这一段时间内发生的动作(行为动词)或存在的状态（be动词）。常与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。

例句：1. They have studied at this school for nearly two years.

2. We have been here for nearly two years.

3. Mr. Black has worked in the factory since he began to work.

4. She has taught in the a foreign language school for about six years.

5. We have lived in this city since 2004.

6. The villagers have planted lots of trees in the past few years.

 

现在完成时的 “未完成用法”, 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

值得注意的是，有一类非延续性的动词，如：come, go, buy join arrive 等可以用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: He has come to Yichang. He has been in Yichang for half a year.

 

请完成下列句子，每空一词：

1. Mr. Green has come to China.

  Mr. Green________ ________ ______ China for about two years.

2. She has left home.

  She _______ _______ _______ ______ home for about a month.

3. He has bought a computer.

  He _______ _______ the computer for about a week.

4. His grandpa has died.

    His grandpa_________ _________ ________for years.

5. The film has begun.

  The film ________ _________ _______ for five minutes.

6. Peter has joined the Party.

  Peter ________ ________ _______ the Party for about 8 years.

  Peter ________ _______ ________ _______ _______ for about 8 years.

7. I have joined the League.

  I _________ _________ _________ the League for two months.

  I _______ _______ ______ ______ ______ for two years.

8. She has joined the Young Pioneers.

  She _______ _______ _______ the Young Pioneers for six years.

  She _______ _______ ______ _______ _______ for six years.

9. My uncle has joined the army.

  My uncle _________ ________ _______ the army for half a year.

  My uncle _______ _______ ______ _______ for half a year.

10. He has borrowed a library book.

   He _________ _________ the library book for two weeks.

11. She has caught a cold.

   She_________ ________ a cold since last week.

 

非延续性动词-------延续性动词
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move	be in/at
open	be open
close	be closed
borrow	keep
buy	have
die	be dead
become	be
leave	be away (from)
put on	wear
begin/start	be on
end/finish	be over
catch a cold	have a cold
join the army	be in the army/be a soldier
join the League	be in the League/be a League member
join the Party	be in the Party/be a Party member
join the Young Pioneer	be in the Young Pioneer/be a young pioneer

 

五、have/has been to 与have/has gone to的用法:

     have/has been to+place: 到某地去过；

have/has gone to+place: 到某地去了

例句：1. A: Have you ever been to Beijing?  

B: Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t./ No, never.

 2.  A: Where have you been?  

B: I Have been to Suzhou and Hangzhou.

A; How many times have you been there?

B: Only once.

3.     A: Where is your uncle?  

B: He has gone to Shanghai on business.

A: When will he get back?

B: In three days.

4.     A: Where have you been?  

B: I have been to the Bank?

A: When did you come back?  

B: A moment ago.

 

六、现在完成时的五大句型

    A． It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…)

1. It’s over twenty years since we last met. 我们已经有20多年没见面了。

     2. It is ten years since she left me. 她离开我已经10年了。

    B. This is the +形容词最高级 that +从句（从句用现在完成时）

1. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

2. This is the best gift that I have ever got. 这是我收到的最好的礼物。

    C. Where have you been?

1. I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been?

我好久没见到你了，你去哪里了？

2. Where have you been since I last saw you?

自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了？

    D. There have been …

1. There have been many changes to this place.

这个地方已经有了很大的变化。

2. There have been many changes around here since I was a child.

这里自我幼年起已发生了很多变化。

    E．It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

这是我第一次参观这个城市。

 

 现在完成时专项练习

烟子整理

一、 单项选择。

（  ）1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _____what's happened to him .

A. knew     B. have known    C. must know     D. will know

（  ）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai，has he ?

A. already      B. never          C. ever            D. still

（  ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ 

A. just   B. ago  C. before   D. a moment ago

（  ）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.

A. is writing    B. was writing      C. wrote     D. has written

（  ）5、—Our country  ______ a lot so far .

  —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A .has changed，well            B. changed，good

C. has changed，better          D. changed，better

（  ） 6、Zhao Lan ______already  ______in this school for two years .

A. was studying    B. will，study  C. has，studied  D. are ; studying

（  ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know    B. had known    C. have known   D. knew

（  ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .

A. will see     B. have seen     C. saw      D. see

（  ）9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

  —Really ? When _____  there ?

A. will they go   B. did they go   C. do they go   D. have they gone

（  ）10、—__________ you _________ your homework yet ?

    —Yes . I _________  it a moment ago .

    A. Did ；do ; finished           B. Have ; done ; finished

    C. Have ; done ; have  finished   D. will ; do ; finish

（  ）11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

 A. joined     B. has joined     C. was in     D. has been in

（  ）12、—Do you know him well ?

  —  Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

  A. were     B. have been     C. have become     D. have made

（  ）13、—How long have you  ____ here ?

  —About two months . 

A. been   B. gone   C. come  D. arrived

 

（  ）14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

  A. has begun   B. had begun  C. has been on    D. began

（  ）15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

  A. is          B. has            C. will           D. was

（  ）16、 Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library .

  A. has gone    B. went      C. will go     D. has been

（  ）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

  A. have been in  B. have been to  C. have gone to   D. have been

（  ）18、The students have cleaned the classroom,      ?

    A. so they      B. don’t they     C. have they     D. haven’t they

（  ）19、   has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he     to China?

A. How soon, comes     B. How often, got 

C. How long, came      D. How far, arrived

（  ）20、 His uncle        for more than 9 years.

A. has come here       B. has started to work

 C. has lived there       D. has left the university

（  ）21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left    B. had left   C. has been away     D. had been away

（  ）22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. 

A. joined    B. have joined   C. have been in

（  ）23.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. 

A . has been open  B. has opened  C. was open  D. opened

（  ）24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. 

A. have made B. have been C. made  D. have become

（  ）25.You mustn't_____ until he comes back.  

A. be away   B. leave   C. be left     D. leave away

（  ）26.The meeting _____ for a week now.

A. has finished   B. has ended  C. has been over  D. has ended

（  ）27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. 

A. has been in  B. has come to  C. has taught    D. has come in

（  ）28.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . 

A. has been  B. has become  C. was    D. became

（  ）29. I ______ home for a week.   

A. have returned   B. have been back   C. returned   D. have got back

（  ）30. How long _______ he ________ ? 

A. died    B. has, died   C. has, been dead      D. has got

（  ）31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept    B. was sleeping   C. has sleep   D. had slept

（  ）32.He ________ the car for a week.  

A. bought    B. has bought   C. has had 

（  ）33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. 

A. did fall   B. have, fell  C. have, been    D. has fallen

（  ）34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. 

A. has left              B. has moved away  

C. has been away from    D. has left away

（  ）35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.

 A. borrow   B. keep   C. take    D. lend

（  ）36.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. 

A. has stopped   B. stopped   C. has been     D. has been stopped

（  ）37.Are you _____ the jacket these days?   

A. wearing    B. putting on  C. dressing   D. on

（  ）38.He ________ for 2 hours. 

A. got up   B.  has got up    C. has been up    D. has been got up

（  ）39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.   

A. is  B. catches  C. has caught  D. has had

（  ）40.----- How long can I ______ the book?  

 ------ Two weeks.         

A. borrow    B. lend   C. get    D. keep

 

二、 句型转换。

         1、A: He has ever surfed.

B: ____________/____________/___________.(我也是)

2、They have been here since 2000.  (对划线部分提问)                   

                                                  

 3、The old man ______ last year. He        for a year. (die)

 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

   This factory ________ for twenty years.

 

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同义句转换)

Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour ago.

 

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

  Her mother __________ the Party three years ___________ .

 

7、A: I have never traveled to Jiuzhaigou.

   B: _______________./_______________. _____________. (我也从没去过)

 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)  

 _______________________________________________________ 

                                    

三、 汉译英。

1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

                                                        

2、 他昨天收到一封信。

                                                       

3、 我父亲以前到过长城。

                                                       

4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。

                                                       

5、 她去过上海。

                                                        

6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？

                                                            

 

四、书面表达：根据表格中的信息，介绍你的三个同学曾经去过的地方，或未去过的地方。提示词：both, neither, all, none。 

 

 

	Mei Fang	Liu Ying	Wang Qiang
游乐园	去过
讲英语的国家	去过	去过
迪斯尼乐园			去过
长城	去过	去过	去过
悉尼