加载中…
个人资料
  • 博客等级:
  • 博客积分:
  • 博客访问:
  • 关注人气:
  • 获赠金笔:0支
  • 赠出金笔:0支
  • 荣誉徽章:
正文 字体大小:

6 2018届 强化讲义 阅读理解 P46文章  濒临物种法案

(2017-09-04 14:27:52)
标签:

考研英语

解析

外刊预测

译文

******************************************************

【文章来源】

《华盛顿邮报》, 2017-2

链接:https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2017/02/24/yes-the-endangered-species-act-should-be-reformed/?utm_term=.0fa95325a6b2

******************************************************

参考译文

 Last week, Republicans in Congress turned their anti-regulation fervor to a law that has long bothered the GOP: the Endangered Species Act. Over the course of a two-hour meeting, the lawmakers mocked the ESA — designed to identify and protect organisms threatened by extinction — as a failure and a power grab by the federal government to control land. At one point in the meeting, Sen. John Barrasso moaned about the fact that only a small portion of the species identified as threatened or endangered have ever been delisted: “As a doctor, if I admit 100 patients to the hospital and only three recover enough under my treatment to be discharged, I would deserve to lose my medical license.”

上周,国会的共和党将其反监管的热情转向了一项长期困扰他们的法律:《濒危物种法》ESA。在长达两小时的会议期间,这些立法者批评ESA旨在识别和保护濒危生物),称其是失败的,使联邦政府借此控制土地。会议期间,参议员约翰·巴拉索(John Barrasso)对其中一点满是怨言:“被列为濒危或濒临灭绝的物种中,现只有一小部分已从列表中去除。如果我是一名医生,接受了100名病人住院,而在我的治疗下只有三人恢复,那我就不配拥有医师执照。

That metaphor is hugely unrealistic. About 1 percent of the 2,000 species included in the ESA have been delisted because they recovered. But recovering a species from the edge of extinction takes decades of intervention — the ESA is only 44 years old.

该比喻具有误导性。ESA所列的2000种濒危物种中,约有1%的物种因恢复而从名单中去除。但是,使一个物种从濒临灭绝的边缘恢复,需要几十年的干预,而ESA只有44年。

Regardless, this critique does touch on a huge weakness in the law, if only indirectly. We need to allocate more resources to protecting species — particularly those on private lands — if we ever want hope of saving the bulk of organisms threatened by extinction. If Republicans are serious about recovering endangered species, they should consider experimenting with ways to make it easier for landowners to cooperate with the government to conserve species.

但无论如何,这个批评如果只是间接的话确实触及到法律的致命弱点。如果我们希望拯救大量濒临灭绝的生物,就需要分配更多的资源来保护物种,特别是栖息在私有土地上的。如果共和党认真对待恢复濒危物种这件事,他们应该试着想办法让土地所有者与政府合作保护物种更容易。

Despite the panicked response to the meeting from environmentalists, the law governing our conservation of threatened species is far from perfect. It’s been estimated that about three-quarters of the species listed under the ESA reside on private land. Conservation research has found that endangered species living on private land are more difficult to protect and more likely to be in decline. They’re also more difficult to study, as landowners are often unwilling to cooperate with conservationists for fear that they will restrict what they can do on their own property.

尽管环保人士对这次会议的反应惊慌失措,但保护濒危物种的法律却并非无可挑剔。据估计,ESA所列物种的四分之三都栖息在私有土地上。保护研究发现,生活在私有土地上的濒危物种更难保护,数量更有可能下降。而且研究起来也更难,因为土地所有者往往不愿意与自然保护主义者合作,因为他们担心个人财产的使用方式会受限。

Because such species are heavily regulated under the ESA, the presence of, for example, a red-cockaded* woodpecker can devalue property and encourage landowners to destroy natural habitats before the government steps in to protect them. This practice — often referred to as “shoot, shovel and shut up” — severely threatens our conservation efforts.

由于这些濒危物种受到ESA的严格监管,如红顶啄木鸟的存在可能会使财产贬值,从而促使土地所有者在政府采取行动保护之前摧毁自然栖息地。这些做法通常被称为“射杀铲除和封锁”,严重威胁着我们的保护工作。

There’s no way of getting around it: The incentive structure of the ESA needs to be reconsidered. Neal Wilkins, president and chief executive of the East Wildlife Foundation in Texas, has studied these problems for years and has found that landowners are an underutilized resource in conservation. He argues that the federal government should consider offering forms of compensation to those who contribute to the cause.

还没有绕开这个问题的办法,因此需要重新进行考虑ESA的激励机制。得克萨斯州东野生动物基金会总裁兼首席执行官尼尔·威尔金斯(Neal Wilkins)多年来一直在研究这些问题,发现在保护进程中未有效利用土地所有者这一资源。他认为,联邦政府应该考虑补偿那些为濒危动物保护事业做出贡献的人。

******************************************************

1. According to Paragraph 1, what is the attitude of Republicans in Congress toward the Endangered Species Act?

[A] Appreciative. ()

[B] Critical. ()

[C] Indignant. ()

[D] Contemptuous. ()

 

2. According to Paragraph 2, the complaint of Sen. John Barrasso is

[A] misleading. ()

[B] soothing. ()

[C] compensatory. ()

[D] detached. ()

 

3. It is indicated in Paragraphs 3 and 4 that one of the problems in the ESA is

[A] officials allocation of resources. ()

[B] environmentalists response. ()

[C] conservationists restriction on assets. ()

[D] landowners reluctance to cooperate. ()

 

4. The example of a red-cockaded woodpecker is mentioned to illustrate

[A] the malpractices of landowners. ()

[B] the urgency of government steps. ()

[C] the threat to conservation effort. ()

[D] the traps on private lands. ()

 

5. It can concluded from the text that

[A] those in favor of the cause should be compensated. ()

[B] the interests of landowners can be reevaluated. ()

[C] the Endangered Species Act should be reformed. ()

[D] the incentives of ESA cannot be undermined. ()

******************************************************

 

【试题分析通解】

1. 应选[B]。考查考生把握作者态度和评价的能力。

According to Paragraph 1, what is the attitude of Republicans in Congress toward the Endangered Species Act?

据第1段,国会的共和党人士对于《濒危物种法》的态度是

[A] Appreciative.

[A] 赏析的

[B] Critical.

[B] 批评的

[C] Indignant.

[C] 义愤的

[D] Contemptuous.

[D] 蔑视的

【思考角度】1)题干明示出处在第1段。(2)其一,第1句便说出“国会的共和党将其反监管的热情转向了一项长期困扰他们的法律”(anti-regulation fervor),这便说明了他们的批评态度。(3)其次、下文信息也说明了这一态度:他们(立法者)取笑这一法案(mock),参议员对法案抱怨(moan)等。选项[B]表达了这一内容。

【干扰选项】选项[A]正好做出了相反的判断。选项[D]显然不如[B]贴近原文。选项[C]是原文未提及的内容。

 

2. 应选[A]。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。

According to Paragraph 2, the complaint of Sen. John Barrasso is

据第2段,参议员约翰·巴拉索(John Barrasso)是

[A] misleading.

[A] 误导的

[B] soothing.

[B] 安慰的

[C] compensatory.

[C] 补偿的

[D] detached.

[D] 超然的。

【思考角度】1)题干虽然明示出处定位在第2段。需要牢牢抓住第2段首句“That metaphor is hugely unrealistic”承上启下的作用。(2)该句中的“metaphor”(比喻)照应的就是上段段末参议员的抱怨内容(moan)。换言之,第1段末给出了参议员对法案的批评,而第2段首作者给出了对批评意见的评价。选项[A]中的“misleading”是原文“hugely unrealistic”的替换。

【干扰选项】选项[B]显然与原文内容不符。选项[C]是原文未提及内容。选项[D]不恰当,“detached”侧重于“不表达某种观点或态度”。

 

3. 应选[D]。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。

 It is indicated in Paragraphs 3 and 4 that one of the problems in the ESA is

据第3段和第4段,ESA法案的一个问题是

[A] officials’ allocation of resources.

[A] 官员对资源的分配

[B] environmentalists’ intervention.

[B] 环保主义者的干预

[C] conservationists’ restriction on assets.

[C] 保护主义者对资产的限制

[D] landowners’ reluctance to cooperate.

[D] 土地拥有者不愿意合作

【思考角度】1)题干明示出处定位在第34段,两个段落都在该法案的不足之处。(2)据第3段,“该法案有不足”(weakness),“没有充分考虑私有土地”(private lands),为了保护大多数生物,“争取土地拥有者的合作应该变得更加容易”(easier, landowners, cooperate)。(3)据第4段,“法案并非无可挑剔”(far from perfect),“多数生物在私有土地上”,而且“私有土地者不愿意合作”(unwilling to cooperate)。从这些分析来看,选项[D]是最佳选择。

【干扰选项】选项[A]失误原文提到to allocate more resources to protecting species”(第3),但未提及分配资源的是officials”。同样的道理,选项[B]失误,原文提到decades of intervention”(第2),但原文并未指明干预者是环境主义者,此外,干预如果挽救生物,那么干预就不是个问题(题干要求的是问题所在)。选项[C]是利用原文“restriction”和“conservationists”编造的干扰。

 

4. 应选[C]。考查考生把握句间段间关系的能力。

The example of a red-cockaded woodpecker is mentioned to illustrate

文中提到了红顶啄木鸟的举例,目的是说明

[A] the malpractices of landowners.

[A] 土地拥有者的胡作非为

[B] the urgency of government steps.

[B] 政府措施的紧迫性

[C] the threat to conservation effort.

[C] 对环保努力的威胁

[D] the traps on private lands.

[D] 在私有土地上的陷阱

【思考角度】1)题干的专有名词“a red-cockaded woodpecker”提示出处在第5段。(2)据文意,由于啄木鸟的存在会降低土地价值(devalue),所以,土地拥有者破坏了鸟类的栖息地(destroy natural habitats)。这就给环保努力造成了威胁(threatens our conservation efforts)。因此,选项[C]最佳。

【干扰选项】选项[A]本身是正确了,可以作为土地拥有者做法的表述,但它本身只是这个举例的内容,而题干需要观点。选项[B]的“government steps”的确是原文内容,但原文未直接提及“urgency”(急迫性)。即便[B]有道理,也不如[C]贴近文意。选项[D]是原文未谈到的内容。

 

5. 应选[C]。考查考生把握言外之意的推理能力。

It can concluded from the text that

从本文可以得出的推论是

[A] those in favor of the cause should be compensated.

[A] 那些从事该事业的人应该得到补偿

[B] the interests of landowners can be reevaluated.

[B] 土地拥有者的利益可以重新评估

[C] the Endangered Species Act should be reformed.

[C] 《濒危物种法》应该加以改革

[D] the incentives of ESA cannot be undermined.

[D] 《濒危物种法》的刺激不可能受到破坏

【思考角度】1)据题目顺序,本题出处定位在全文最后一段。(2)据文意,“需要重新进行考虑ESA的激励机制”(第5段:reconsidered)。这是该段的要点所在。具体的措施便是“利用好土地拥有者这个未利用好的资源”(第5段:underutilized),“补偿那些有贡献的人”(第5段:cause)。综合这些内容,选项[C]是原文信息的转述。

【干扰选项】选项[A]错误在于in favor of”,原文内容是那些“对事业有贡献的人”(第5段:contribute to)。选项[B]是原文未提及的信息。选项[D]是利用原文“incentive”和“ESA”的词项编造的干扰。

******************************************************

 

0

阅读 收藏 喜欢 打印举报/Report
  

新浪BLOG意见反馈留言板 欢迎批评指正

新浪简介 | About Sina | 广告服务 | 联系我们 | 招聘信息 | 网站律师 | SINA English | 产品答疑

新浪公司 版权所有