布朗运动(Brownian Motion)
(2013-05-27 07:32:39)
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杂谈 |
布朗运动(Brownian Motion)
2013-4
有一本英文书,“Probability and Statistics: the science of uncertainty”,里面讲到了布朗运动。它告诉我们,当科学家逐渐熟悉用概率论的语言思考大自然后,如何重新看过去熟悉的东西。As scientists became accustomed to thinking of nature in the language of probability, a new, qualitative description of Brownian motion began to evolve.
当布朗微粒受到以不同速度运动的分子的撞击,则微粒表面受到的作用为大小不同。有时,这些作用力在粒子表面均匀分布,便相互抵消,因此微粒受力平衡。否则,某一方向的力就会超过另一方向的力,从而水中微粒就从一个位置跳到另一个位置。由于微粒表面受到的力强一些的位置是随机变化的,因此微粒的运动也是随机的。The general idea is that a particle that is small and light and continually bombarded by molecules traveling
at varying velocities will experience forces of different magnitudes at different points along its surface. Sometimes these forces will be equally distributed about the exterior of the particle. When this happens the forces balance, or cancel, each other. When the forces do not cancel, the forces exerted on one side of the particle will exceed those exerted on the other side and the particle will “jump” from one position in the water to the next. Because the location on the surface at which the stronger forces are exerted is random, the particle may first jump in one direction one instant and then in a different direction the next, or it may jump several times in the same general direction.
布朗运动有助于揭示自然界全新的一面,揭示了看待自然的新方式。这里,随机性的概念非常重要,不能被忽视。布朗运动挑战了因果论,而因果论正是19世纪科学的特征。These results helped reveal a new aspect of nature, an aspect in which randomness could not be ignored. Brownian motion defies the sort of cause-and-effect analysis that is characteristic of the science of the 19th century.
关于布朗运动的具体内容,这里不多说。这里想表达的是,怎样看世界。
同样的东西,同样的事物,同样的世界,不同的人,看到的是不同的结果。为什么?因为思维方式。
随机(random)、不确定性(uncertainty)、概率(probability),与佛教讲的“空”,以及量子力学讲的“薛定谔的猫”(Schrodinger cat)等,都是一回事,是非常重要的思想,应该构成我们看世界的基石。