标签:
情态动词教育 |
分类: 英语 |
⒈ 肯定句中:
must (一定),may (可能),might/could (也许,或许) 其语气的肯定程度依次递减。其中,might 和could并非过去时态,只是语气较为委婉或可能性较小
⑴对当前行为、情况或状态的推测:
must /may /might /could + do/be
如:
He must/may/might/could be in the reading room.
他肯定/可能/也许在阅览室里。
I must look funny in this hat.
我戴这顶帽子看起来一定很滑稽。
⑵对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测:
must /may/ might/ could + be doing 想必/可能正在…
如:
He must /may/ might/ could be watching TV at this time.
他此时一定/可能/或许在看电视。
They must be waiting for us.
他们肯定在等着我们。
⑶对过去发生的事情的推测:
must /may /might /could + have +过去分词 想必/可能已经…
如:
They must have arrived by now.
现在他们肯定已到了。
You look very tired. You must have stayed up last night.
看上去你很疲劳,你昨晚一定熬夜了。
You may have read about it in the papers.
你可能在报上已读到这件事了。
⑷过去的一段时间内一直在进行的动作:
must/may /might/ could + have + been +doing 想必/可能一直在…
如:
They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.
他们浑身是汗,准是在地里劳动来着。
He may have been waiting for us for an hour.
他可能等我们一小时了。
⒉ 否定句中:
can/could not 不可能,想必不会
may/might not 可能不
⑴对当前行为、情况或状态的推测:
can/could not + 动词原形 不可能,想必不会
may/might not + 动词原形 可能不
如:
He may not be busy now.
也许他现在不忙。
He can not be busy now.
他现在一定不忙。
He can’t be in the reading room. I saw him on the playground just now.
他不可能在阅览室里,我刚看到他在操场上。
⑵对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测:
can/could not + be doing 不可能,想必不会在干某事
may/might not + be doing 可能没在干某事
如:
They can’t be telling the truth.
他们不可能在说真话。
They may not be telling the truth.
他们可能没在说真话。
⑶对过去发生的事情的推测:
can/could not + have +过去分词 不可能,想必不会做过某事
may/might not + have +过去分词 可能没干过某事
如:
He can’t have finished the work so soon.
这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。
He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is a good one.
他可能没达到他的全部目的,但他还是认真做了努力的。
⑷过去的一段时间内一直在进行的动作:
can’t /couldn’t/may not have been doing
如:
He can’t have been waiting for us so long.
他不可能等我们那么长时间。
⒊疑问句中:
常用can/could来表示说话人的猜疑、怀疑或不肯定的语气
⑴对当前行为、情况或状态的推测:
can/could + 主语+ do/be
如:
Where can he be now?
他现在会在哪里呢?
Can it be true?
那会是真的吗?
⑵对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测:
can/could +主语+ be doing
如:
It’s so late. Can Tom be reading?
这么晚了,汤姆还在看书吗?
What can he be doing?
他可能在做什么呢?
⑶对过去发生的事情的推测:
can/could +主语+have done
如:
Can she have told a lie?
她会不会说谎了?
Where can she have gone?
她会上哪儿去了呢?
高考预测题:
1.We have plenty of time. We _______ run so fast.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. have to D. must
2.Where _______ my sister wait for you? In the classroom?
A. need B. shall C. may D. can
3._______ you please tell me the way to the library?
A. Would B. Should C. Must D. Need
4.He didn’t go to the library last Sunday, or I _____ him.
A. would see B. could meet C. might have seen D. might see
5.----Do you have to leave now?
----I’m sorry, but I really______.
A. can’t B. have C. should D. must
6.The classroom is empty. They _____ be reading there now.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. must D. should
7.----Remember to attend the meeting.
----I ___________.
A. do B. will C. can’t D. would
8.----I was waiting for you this time yesterday.
----Sorry, I _______ you to tell you that I couldn’t come.
A. must have called
B. would have been calling
C. could have been calling
D. should have called
9.We ______ not to make so much noise in the lab.
A. need B. dare C. can D. ought
10.You _____ have come here yesterday, ______ you?
A.mustn’t , did
B.couldn’t, has
C.must, haven’t
D.must, didn’t
11.Whenever I was not at home, my child ______watch TV.
A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to
12.----He must have gone to dining-room.
----No, he _______. I saw him on the playground just now.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. hadn’t
13.The girl _______ a tree.
A.dares not climb
B.dares not to climb
C.dare not to climb
D.doesn’t dare to climb
14.----My goodness. I just missed the train.
----That’s too bad. I am sure you ______ it, if you had hurried.
A.could have caught B.had caught C.could catch D.could caught
15.He left yesterday, so he _______ in Beijing.
A. may arrive B. may have arrived C. must arrive D. arrives
16.Since she is angry, we _______.
A.had better to leave her alone
B.should leave her alone
C.might as well leave her alone
D.must leave her alone
17.Why _____ you always interrupt me?
A. can B. will C. may D. must
18.She quickened her pace in order that she _____ with the others.
A. may catch up B. might catch up
C. could have caught up D. might have caught up
19.You have cut the material in the wrong place. It ought ______ just here but it wasn’t.
A. to cut B. to be cut C. to be cutting D. to have been cut
20.----Could I use your pen?
----Of course you ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. mustn’t
21.We needn’t ________ to the dinner but we wanted to help Mary, so we went.
A. have gone B. go C. to go D. went
22.We’ll get someone to take good care of the old grandpa. You _____ worry about him.
A. haven’t to B. don’t have to C. can’t D. will not
23._______ it be true that Albert passed the test in geography?
A. May B. Should C. Could D. Would
24.Her eyes were red. She ______.
A. must cry B. must be cried C. may cry D. must have been crying
25.He must be from the north, _______ he?
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. isn’t D. may not
26.Because the girl took up rigorous training, she _____ swim across the river.
A. was able to B. can C. could D. will
27.If he _____ come to the party on my birthday, I will be very happy.
A. must B. should C. will D. ought to
28.It is strange that they ______ go there.
A. can B. should C. would D. have to
29.----_______ he open the window?
----Yes, please.
A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. Would
30.They demanded that they _____ have a rest.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
答案与提示:
1.B 题意为:我们有足够的时间,我们没必要跑这么快。
2.B 题意为:让我妹妹在哪里等你呢?在教室里吗?在疑问句中,当主语是第一或第三人称时,我们可以用情态动词shall表示征求对方意见。其他三个选项仅表示“可能性或必要性”。
3.A 情态动词would 能用来表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,语气比will婉转的多。题意为:您能告诉我去图书馆怎么走吗。
4.C 情态动词加完成时表示对过去的事情的推测。“他上周一没去图书馆,否则我可能就看到他了”。
5.D 回答have to的疑问句,可以用must做肯定回答。A、C两项所答非所问,B项缺to。
6.B 对进行的动作进行推测,用情态动词+be doing,否定推测时用can’t , 而不能用mustn’t, mustn’t表示“不准”的意思。
7.B will情态动词,表“会的,一定的”,对上文要求给予肯定答复;I do是对一般现在时的动作的疑问句做肯定回答,与本题不符;关于C,做否定回答时,要先说sorry;D项的时态不对。
8.D should have done sth.表示“本应当…”,指过去实际上没做的事情。must have done sth.表示推测,“肯定做过某事”。
9.D dare和need 后面有not, 说明它们此处是情态动词,而not后面又有to ,所以若填A是错误的。Can也是情态动词,也不应加不定式。选B含义不对。
10.D 表推测的must句之反意疑问句要对其实意动词提问。 A项应排除,理由是 mustn’t 不用于表推测,C项不选,是因为反意疑问句的时态不对,因为有时间状语yesterday.,故主句是对过去的事情推测,B项的反意疑问句也不应用完成时。
11.B would有时用来表示过去反复或经常发生动作。 be to do sth.表按计划要做某事。be going to do sth.表示打算或即将要做。
12.C 第一句中用的是must加完成时,表示对过去事情的推测,答句中也应按上文思路,用couldn’t表示否定的推测,A项不用于推测。
13.D dare 作情态动词时没有人称的变化,所以A和B选项不对。C项中的dare是情态动词,其后不能接to。
14.A could have done 表示过去本来能做到而实际上没做的事。
15.B 推测过去的动作用“情态动词+have done” ,所以A、C项不对。
16.C might as well 习惯搭配“还是…的好”,“不妨…”;A项中的had better后面不应用to。
17.D must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦,“偏偏”。
18.B might 用于目的状语从句中,此时其后面不能接完成时。
19.D 通过“it wasn’t”可知这是在谈论过去的事情,ought to have done 表示“过去本应做而实际上没做的事情”。
20.A Could I …?表示请求,语气婉转,但回答时不用could, 应用can。
21.A needn’t have done 表示本来不必做而实际上做了。通过“so we went”判断我们去了。
22.B 通过“We’ll get someone to take good care of the old grandpa.”可知“你不必担心他”,don’t have to =needn’t “不必”。
23.C can/could可用于疑问句表示推测。Would, should 和may都不能用于疑问句表推测。
24.D must have been doing 表示推测在过去的一段时间内在进行的动作。由“Her eyes were red.”可知是谈论过去的时间内她在哭。
25.C must在句中表示推测,此时的反意疑问句中不能用mustn’t。
26.A 在表示过去实现了某一种具体能力,做某件事情成功了的时候,用be able to , 而不能用could。
27.C 在条件状语从句中,will作情态动词,表示“意愿”。
28.B 在It is necessary/ important/strange that…中谓语动词常用should + do, 或只用动词原形,构成虚拟语气。
29.A shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句,表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。
30.C 在demand, suggest, order等表示建议、要求等的从句中,用should +动词原形,构成虚拟语气。