汉英修辞中的比喻 （2）

                            汉语中的明喻与英语中的Simile

 

        所谓明喻就是一种明显的打比方，本体和喻体都出现。表示二者的相似关系，中间用“像”、“如”、“似”、“仿佛”、“犹如”、“有如”、“宛如”、“恰似”等比喻词连接。英语中与之相似的是Simile .

       英语中 simile 一词源于拉丁语的Similis 其义相当于英语的 Like 。故明喻中英语常用Like做比喻词，此外还有As, As if, As though, As……as, just as, similar to, to bear a resemblance to 等等。英语中明愈一词的定义是：A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspects exist only in our minds, in our “ inward eye ” and not in the nature of the things themselves.

                      童年        

                      寂寞像一本书，

                      我不懂它，它不懂我；

 

                      稍大时

                      寂寞像一条狗，

                      它会追我， 但我也会跑；

 

                      如今长大了，

                      寂寞像小猫咪的脚步

                      轻轻地踏上我的心头。

                                   ——扬碧方《寂寞》

 

别来春半，       Since we parted, spring is now half over.

触目愁肠断。     Everywhere I look, ’tis a heartbreak scene.

 砌下落梅如雪乱， Beneath the steps the fallen winter-plum petals

拂了一身还满。   Are scattered all over like snowflake——

                             I brush them away but am soon covered again.

 

        雁来音信无凭，   The swan geese come back but no certain massage bring

         路遥归梦难成。   The distance is vast and dreams of returning

         离恨恰如春草，   Wouldn’t come to me.

          更行更远还生。    The sorrow of parting is like grasses of spring:

                                   The farther you go the more riotous they become.

                                                ——李煜《清平乐》   ——龚景浩英译

 

         他们俩呢，只是很愿意在一起谈谈坐坐。都到岁数了，心不是没有。 只是像一片薄薄的云，飘过来，飘过去，下不成雨。

                                                         ——汪曾祺 《 大淖记事 》

 

妾心如镜面，

一规秋水清；

郎心如镜背，

磨杀不分明。

        

郎心如纸鸢，

断线随风去；

愿得上林去，

为妾萦留住。

                                        ——《 乐府二首 》

 

                文学之于人也， 臂呼药，善服有济，不善服反为害。

                                                                   ——皮日休

 

         上善若水，        The perfect goodness is like water.

         水善利万物而不争。Water approaches all things instead of contending with them.

                                                            ——老子 《 道德经 》

 

                他们相爱， 但他们却使对方的生活犹如地狱一般。

                                                             ——张贤亮 《 灵与肉》

 

人的感情真象一群贪嘴的小羊， 我们的生活又象绿油油的青菜地， 而理智就象是牧羊人。 这个牧羊人稍打个盹，其中有几只调皮羊，就会窜出去，偷吃几口青菜。这时，牧羊人的鞭子要是能及时的在他们的头上响起，他们才会老实。

 

我是轻轻悄悄地到来，

象水面飘过一叶浮萍；

我又轻轻悄悄地离开，

象林中吹过一阵清风。

你爱想起我就想起我，

象想起一棵夏夜的星；

你爱忘了我就忘了我，

象忘了一个春天的梦。

 

day after day ,day after day,

      we stuck, nor breath nor motion,

                                            As idle as a painted ship

                                              Upon a painted ocean

                                                                   ——S.T Coleridge

 

                 She sat like patience on a monument, smiling at grief.

                                                                      ——Shakespeare

                 她坐在纪念碑上，像个木偶人，对悲哀一笑置之。

 

   The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills and brings out surprises of beauty.

                                                                   ——Tagore

       烟雾像爱情一样，戏弄着山的心，于是，产生惊心动魄的美艳。

 

               The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.

                                                             ——John E Steinbeck

             碧绿的山头浑圆而有柔软，像女人的乳房一样。

 

      To say that you can love one person all your life is just like saying that one candle will continue burning as long as you live.

                                                                    ——Leo Tolstoy

             说你一生只爱一个人，就像是说一只蜡烛将燃烧到你的末日。

                                                                    ——托尔斯泰