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动词时态正确理解与使用  英语作文病句和错句

(2008-12-15 15:45:10)
标签:

杂谈

分类: 英语

名师谈中考英语动词时态正确理解与使用

 

  CORRECT USAGE OF TENSES OF THE PREDICATES

  如何学好情态动词

  (Modal verbs)

  can: 从客观角度陈述人们都了解的客观事实

  ●can 表示客观能力, 与先天、后天能力无关。

  Birds can fly up into the sky easily.

  鸟儿可以轻易地飞到天上去。

  Luke can speak Chinese very fluently.

  鲁克的汉语说得很流利。

  ●can表示人人都了解的客观可能性或听话人已知的客观事实。

  If you are brave enough, all difficulties can be overcome.

  如果你不畏艰险,所有的困难都一定会克服。

  Correct ideas can be transformed into a material force that changes the world.

  正确的理念一定能够转化为改变世界的物质力量。

  I hear that you are going to Thailand. It can be dangerous to be there, I think.

  听说你要去泰国,我看到那儿去挺危险的。

  may: 表示说听双方均不确切,相当于I am not sure

  ●推测或了解可能性

  The man you are looking for may be in that room.

  May I have a talk with you?

  He may never succeed without your help.

  ●基于may自身的不确定性,常置于句首,用来表示祝愿

  May success attend you! 祝你成功!

  (May) God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!

  ●You can/may come at any time. (口语中can和may从不同含义角度均可使用。)

  ought to: 从客观角度表示安排、责任或义务

  ●You ought to do the cleaning after school because you are on duty.

  你放学后应该做卫生,因为今天你值日。

  You ought not to write so carelessly.

  (It is the students’ responsibility.学生应该做好的事)

  Everybody should /ought to help each other in the study, shouldn’t / oughtn’t they?

  (在反义疑问句中should和ought to有时可以前后交叉使用,起到主客观互补的作用)


初中英语作文病句和错句修改

 

  下面的英语句子都是出自<朗文国际>三册和四册的学生作文, 不是病句就是错句. 让我们用锐利的眼睛, 一起来找茬吧.

  1. We have computer class one week a time.

  2. Go into my school, you can see many flowers.

  3. There have 100 books.

  4. I study there very happy.

  5. I usually swimming there.

  6. I forget said this, our school wall beside has many trees.

  7. Several hours after, he was surprised.

  8. He had to asked the other one.

  9. He thought he speak well.

  10. Mr. Li is come from Beijing .

  11. He was very hardly. He likes studying Chinese.

  12. This film is very good-looking .

  13. It is very good to family look.

  14. I think we can’t live Internet.

  15. People use the net to send the mails has the most people.

  16. I have a future dream.

  17. It can help me to walk on my life road.

  18. I think everything must be change a lot.

  19. I just wonder what does my future like and what should I do.

  20. But I singing not very well.

  21. Tom’s mum didn’t care him.

  22. Almost students use the computer not study.

  23. Send mail is most of people like to do in the net.

  24. When I was very small.

 怎么样,找出错误没有啊. 下面我们来看看要怎么改正吧.

  1. I have computer class once a week.

  英语中表达频率次数时:一次 once, 两次 twice 从三次开始用 three times ...

  2. Going into my school, you can see many flowers.

  这里使用动名词going做主语, go 这个动作由后面的you 发出.

  3. There are 100 books.

  表示某个地方有什么,一般使用There be 的存在句型.

  4. I study there very happily.

  Study 是个动词,表示动作的程度要使用副词,不可以用形容词happy.

  5. I usually swim there.

  -ing结尾的动名词不可以单独做句子的谓语.

  6. I forget said this, our school wall beside has many trees.

  这个句子的表达和语法上都有问题. 如果单从中文意思来看,大家都明白他在说什么,但是要是让外教来批改,估计他会无尽的苦恼了.所以我们在不失句子原意的基础上,使用正确的语法.该句子的表达应该为:

  By the way, there are many flowers beside our school wall.

  7. Several hours later, he was surprised.

  使用after时,不能放在时间表达语的后面.

  8. He had to ask the other one.

  “Have to do something” 是固定用法 ,不定式后用动词原形.

  9. He thought he spoke well.

  这个句子属于语法时态的不一致.

  10. Mr. Li is from Beijing .

  一个英语句子中不能有两个谓语动词..

  11. He studies very hard.. He likes studying Chinese.

  首先要区分hard 和 hardly.虽然两个都可以做副词,但在意思上有很大的区别. He works very hard. 他工作很努力 He hardly works. 他几乎不工作.这个两个表达相差很大. 其次,be 动词后面不能使用副词.

  12. This film is very interesting.

  这是一个完全中文式的英语句子. good-looking 一般用来形容人物的.

  13. It is fit for family to enjoy.

  又是一个中文式的句子,

  14. I think we can’t live Internet.

  学生想要表达的是不要过分依赖因特网.不改变原意的基础上,我们修改为:

  I think we can’t rely on Internet.

  15. Most people use the net to send the mails.

  这是一个要表达比例的英语句子.学生在这里做了一个中文句子的”强行”翻译.

  16. I have a dream about future..

  Future 在这里不可以直接修饰dream.

  17. It can help me to walk on my life ‘s journey.

  “人生路”中的“路”是抽象的含义,不可用“road”来表达。

  18. I think everything keeps on changing.

  不细心看这个句子,我完全不了解他想表达什么.但从上下文来推测,我想他想表达世事在变化的意思.

  19. I just wonder what my future likes and what I should do.

  宾语从句要使用正常语序.

  20. But I don’t sing very well.

  动名词不可以单独做谓语动词使用..一般现在时的句子表否定,如果是实意动词需要有do来帮忙.

  21. Tom’s mum didn’t care about him.

  Care 是个不及物的动词,不可以直接加宾语。

  22. Almost of the students use the computer not to study.

  一个句子中间只能有一个谓语动词。

  23. Send mail is most of people like to do in the net.

  这是一个中文式表达的句子,按照上下文来看,我们修改为:

  Most of people like sending mail in the internet.

  24. When I was a little child.

  Small 用来形容人的体型和物品体积。这里要表达的“小孩子”的意思。

  从学生在作文中写的英语病句,错句来看,很多时候都用中文的思维来写英语句子。针对这种情况,我们建议学生要多看文章,看地道的英语文章,同时多多储备优美的英语表达句子,这样才能做到拿起笔时,心中有数,肚里有货,才不会生硬翻译句子而弄出笑话了。

 

中学英语:如何写好英语句子的8种方法

 

  一、代入法

  这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后,结合一定的语法知识,按照句子的结构特点,直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如:

  ◎ 他从不承认自己的失败。

  He never admits his failure.

  ◎ 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。

  The match attracted a large crowd.

  ◎ 他把蛋糕分成4块。

  He divided the cake into four pieces.

  二、还原法

  即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如:

  ◎ 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗?

  Is this the train for Glasgow?

  还原为陈述句:This is the train for Glasgow.

  ◎ 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。

  It was because he loved my money that he married me.

  还原为非强调句:Because he loved my money, he married me.

  ◎ 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

  So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.

  还原为正常语序:Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.
  三、分解法

  就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了,又能减少写错句子的几率。如:

  ◎ 我们要干就要干好。

  If we do a thing, we should do it well.

  ◎ 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。

  There are students here from all over thecountry. Many of them are from the North.

  四、合并法

  就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力,同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如:

  ◎ 我们迷路了,这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。

  Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.

  ◎ 天气转晴了,这是我们没有想到的。

  The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we couldexpect.

  ◎ 狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。

  Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their coopera-tion.

 五、删减法

  就是在写英语句子时,把相应汉语句子里的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。如:

  ◎ 这部打字机真是价廉物美。

  This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed.

  注:汉语表达中的“价”和“物”在英语中均无需译出。

  ◎ 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。

  Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life,

  注:汉语说“个子不高”,其实就是“不高”。也就是说,其中的“个子”在英语中无需译出。

  六、移位法

  由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异,根据表达的需要,某些成分需要前置或后移。如:

  ◎ 他发现赚点外快很容易。

  He found it easy to earn extra money.

  注:it在此为形式宾语,真正的宾语是句末的不定式to earn extra money.

  ◎ 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。

  The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.

  注:who told me this为修饰the man的定语从句,应置于其后。

  ◎ 直到我遇到你以后,我才真正体会到幸福。

  It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.

  注:not…until…为英语中的固定句式,其意为“直到……才……”。

 七、分析法

  指根据要表示的汉语意思,通过进行语法分析和句式判断,然后写出准确地道的英语句子。如:

  ◎ 从这个角度看,问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.

  注:分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,由于the matter与sec之间为被动关系,故see要用过去分词scen.

  ◎ 我没有见过他,所以说不出他的模样。

  Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.

  注:如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,且与逻辑主语是主动关系,则用现在分词的完成式。

  八、意译法

  有的同学在写句子时,一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达,就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实,此时我们可以设法绕开难点,在保持原意的基础上,用不同的表达方式写出来。如:

  ◎ 汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把他撵了出去。

  Tom was upsetting the otherchildren, so I showed him the door.

  ◎ 有志者事竟成。

  Where there is a will, there is away.

  ◎ 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中,悉听尊便。

  You can go with us or stay athome, whichever you choose.

  当然,同学们在写句子时千万不要拿句子去套方法,也不要拿方法去套句子。处处留心皆学问。只要加强知识的积累,一定还会有更多更好的方法。

 

初一英语语法易错知识点归类例析

  英语有很多很细小的知识点,而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误,下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。

  [第一类] 名词类

  1. 这些女老师们在干什么?

  [误] What are the woman teachers doing?

  [正] What are the women teachers doing?

  [析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women.

  2. 房间里有多少人?

  [误] How many peoples are there in the room?

  [正] How many people are there in the room?

  [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

  3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

  [误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

  [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

  [析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。

 [第二类] 动词类

  4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

  [误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

  [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

  [析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。

  5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。

  [误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.

  [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.

  [析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。

  6. 这双鞋是红色的。

  [误] This pair of shoes are red.

  [正] This pair of shoes is red.

  [析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。

  [第三类] 代词类

  7. 这张票是她的,不是我的。

  [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

  [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

  [析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

  8. 吴老师教我们英语。

  [误] Miss Wu teaches our English.

  [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

  [析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。

 [第四类] 介词类

  9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

  [误] Can you find the answer of this question?

  [正] Can you find the answer to this question?

  [析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。

  10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。

  [误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.

  [正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.

  [析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.

  11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

  [误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。

 [第五类] 副词类

  12. 莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?

  [误] Lily, why don’t you go to home?

  [正] Lily, why don’t you go home?

  [析] come, go 等后接here, there, home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。

  [第六类] 连词类

  13. 我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。

  [误] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. and history.

  [正] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. or history.

  [析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。

  [第七类] 冠词类

  14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。

  [误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.

  [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.

  [析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;

  2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用 an hour;

  3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。

 [第八类] 句法类

  15. ――你不是学生吗? ――不,我是学生。

  [误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No, I am.

  [正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes, I am.

  [析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

  2. 房间里有多少人?

  [误] How many peoples are there in the room?

  [正] How many people are there in the room?

  [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

 

 

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