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专练动名词  几种进行时   动词+宾语+现在分词

(2008-10-15 19:45:29)
标签:

杂谈

分类: 英语

2008年中考英语语法专练·动名词

 

选择最佳答案填空:

01. My work is ______ the boy to study English.

A. teach                        B. teaching

C. teaches                     D. taught

02. I have finished ______ my book.

A. write                        B. to write

C. writing                      D. wrote

03. It’s late. Let’s stop ______ home.

A. go                            B. to go

C. going                        D. goes

04. We were all tired, so we stopped ______.

A. worked                     B. working

C. to work                     D. works

05. We were all tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.

A. had                           B. having

C. to have                      D. have

06. He enjoyed _______ to English songs.

A. listening                     B. to listen

C. listened                      D. listen

07. Would you like ______ a talk with her?

A. having                       B. to have

C. be having                   D. had

08. You can’t go on ______ like this. You will fall ill.

A. working                     B. to work

C. worked                      D. to be working

09. Remember ______ the door when you leave.

A. to lock                       B. locking

C. lock                           D. locked

10. Mr. Smith is practising _______ a car.

A. drive                         B. to drive

C. driving                      D. drives

11. He kept the others ______ for three hours.

A. waiting                      B. to wait

C. waited                       D. wait

12. He told the children not to play by the ______ pool.

A. swim                         B. swims

C. swimming                  D. swam

13. Do you remember _____ me at a party last year?

A. meet                           B. to meet

C. meeting                      D. met 

14. Please excuse me ______ your letter by mistake.

A. to open                       B. to have opened

C. for opening                 D. in opening

15. If the car won’t start, ______ it.

A. try push                      B. try pushing

C. to try pushing              D. to try to push

 

【参考答案】

01—05 BCBBC 

06—10 ABBBC 

11—15 ACCCB

 

过去进行时的用法

 

一、构成方法

过去进行时由“was [were]+现在分词”构成。

二、基本用法

主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作:

He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。

He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功课时他在玩。

【注】与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,如:

They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。

三、与一般过去时的区别

过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行且尚未完成的动作,而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作:

I was reading a book last night. 我昨晚在看书。(不一定看完)

I read a book last night. 我昨晚看了一本书。(已经看完)

【注】有些动词(如rain, snow, cough, work等)本身并不表示动作完成,这时用两种时态都可以,且含义区别不大:

It rained [was raining] all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。

 

过去完成时的用法

 

一、构成方法

过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。

二、基本用法

过去完成时与现在完成时相似,也有“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法,所不同的是,过去完成时将时间推移到过去某一时间之前,即所谓的“过去的过去”。具体地说,它既可表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,也可表示从一个较早的过去持续一个较迟的过去的动作:

I heard she had left the city. 我听说他已离开这个城市。

By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 到6点钟时他就已工作了12小时。

三、如何正确运用过去完成时

正确运用过去完成时最重要的是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对时间,即它相对于一个过去时间而言,并在其过去。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过一定的时间副词(状语)体现出来,有时则可能是通过一定的上下文来体现:

The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed. 屋子里很安静,大家都睡觉了。

"Was Jack at the office?" "No, he’d gone home." “杰克在办公室吗?”“不在,回家了。”

四、表示过去未曾实现的想法

过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算,通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, expect等:

I had wanted to go, but I fell ill. 我本想去的,但我病倒了。

I had wanted to buy a computer, but I had not enough money. 我本想台电脑,但钱不够。

五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

从用法上说,一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前(即过去的过去)发生的动作或存在的状态。但有时某个动作虽然发生在“过去的过去”,但却也可用一般过去时,如:

1. 当几个过去的动作用and, then, but等连接,且按照动作发生的先后顺序表达时,几个动作均可用一般过去时:

I bought a radio but lost it. 我买了一部收音机,但丢了。

He stood up, took his coat and went out. 他站起身来,拿起外套,然后就出去了。

2. 由after, before, as soon as 等连词引导时间状语从句,由于这些连词已经清楚地表明了主从句谓语动词的先后顺序,所以对于先发生的动作也可用一般过去时表示:

I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把这消息告诉了他们。

As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我刚把电话放下,它又响了。

 

过去将来时的用法

 

一、构成方法

过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成。

二、基本用法

主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情(尤其用于宾语从句中):

They said it would be fine. 听说天气会很好。

I knew you would agree. 我当时就知道你会同意的。

【注】在一定的语境中也可于其他从句或句子中:

It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟。太阳即将落山。

三、过去将来时间的表示方法

除“would+动词原形”外,过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式:

1. 用was (were) going to表示。表示过去某时准备做某事或即将发生某事:

I was going to leave when he came in. 他进来时我正要离开。

【注】was going to有时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算:

She was going to see us, but she was too busy. 她本想来看我们的,但她太忙了。

2. 用was (were) about+不定式表示。表示在过去看来正要做某事:

I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我正要睡觉,他来看我了。

3. 用“was (were)+不定式”表示。表示定于过去某时将要做某事:

He was to meet her at 10 on the street. 他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。

 


过去进行时与一般过去时区别

 

区别一

过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如:

He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)

He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)

区别二

表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:

I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。

区别三

一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作;而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩。如:

He always got up at six. 他过去总是6点起床。

He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想着工作

区别四

有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如:

I thought that he would agree with us. 我认为他会同意我们的观点。

I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想要说服他接受我们的建议。

 

12个“动词+宾语+现在分词”结构例析


1. see sb doing sth

意为“看见某人在做某事”。如:

I saw her playing the piano. 我看见她正在弹钢琴。

She saw him waiting at the gate. 她看见他在门口等着。

2. hear sb doing sth

意为“听见某人在做某事”。如:

I heard him singing. 我听见他在唱歌。

We heard him crying in the next room. 我们听见他在隔壁的房里哭。

3. watch sb doing sth

意为“观看某人做某事”。如:

Now watch me doing it. 现在瞧我怎么做。

He stood alone, watching the snow falling outside. 他独自站着,看着户外飘落的雪。

4. notice sb doing sth

意为“注意到某人做某事”。如:

Did you notice her leaving the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗?

She noticed the man looking at her. 她注意到那个男人在看她。

5. find sb doing sth

意为“发现某人在做某事”。如:

He found her crying in the corner. 他发现她在角落里哭。

He found the lost child hiding in the cave. 他发现这个丢失的小孩躲在山洞里。

 

6. have sb doing sth

意为“使某人做某事”。如:

He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping. 没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来,鼓起掌来。

7. catch sb doing sth

意为“逮住(撞见)某人在做某事”。如

The teacher caught the boy smoking. 老师撞见这个男孩在抽烟。

The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 老师发现他在上课时睡觉。

We caught him (in the act of) stealing. 他正在行窃时被我们逮个正着。

8. keep sb doing sth

意为“使某人不停地做某事”。如:

He kept the fire burning. 他让火燃着。

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。

9. feel sb doing sth

意为“感觉某人在做某事”。如:

We felt the girl crying in the next room. 我们感觉这个女孩在隔壁哭。

In the dream he felt someone lying beside him. 他在梦中感觉有人就躺在他旁边。

10. like [love] sb doing sth

意为“喜欢某人做某事”。如:

I don’t like you smoking. 我讨厌你抽烟。

He doesn’t like people praising him. 他不喜欢别人赞扬他。

I love him reading to me in bed. 我喜欢在床上听他给我读点什么。

11. leave sb doing sth

意为“让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中)”。如:

His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信让我感到很难受。

They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. 他们走开了,让我孤零零一个人坐在那儿。

 

12. start sb doing sth

意为“使某人开始做某事”。如:

The lecture started him thinking. 这次演讲使他开始思考。

The news started me wondering why the accident had happened. 这消息使开始思索为什么会发生那样的事故。

两点说明:

(1) 根据情况以上有些结构中的sb也可能是sth。如:

I felt the house shaking. 我感到房子在震动。

He found a cat sleeping in the armchair. 他发现一只猫在扶手椅上睡觉。

I felt something crawling up my arm. 我觉得有什么东西顺着我的胳膊向上爬。

(2) see [hear, watch] sb doing sth中的现在分词有时也可换成不带to的不定式,但含义有区别:用现在分词表示正在做某事,用不带to的不定式表示动词的全过程。比较:

I saw him stand up and go out. 我看见他站起来,然后就走了出去。

I saw him talking with a girl. 我看见他在与一个女孩谈话。

 

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