英语书面表达是反映同学们英语运用水平的重要环节。下面我们从寻错、改错的角度来分析一下如何才能提高书面表达能力。
    一、动词时态错误
    【技巧点拨】  动词时态错误主要集中在一些特殊的时态变化里。如：表示持续一段时间的现在完成时态；条件状语从句和时间状语从句中一般现在时与一般将来时的转换；时态与语态的混合等。例：
    1. We left our hometown for almost twenty years.
    left 应改为：have been away from
    我们离开家乡差不多二十年了。
    2. We are going to see an action movie if it won’t rain tomorrow.
    won’t rain应改为：doesn’t rain
    如果明天不下雨，我们打算去看一部武打片。
    二、句子结构错误
    【技巧点拨】  句子结构的错误范围比较广，同学们要注意从以下几方面来思考：①句子结构是否完整，是否累赘或欠缺；②所用的单词词性是否与句子要求相符；③复合句中连接主句的关系代词或引导词的运用是否恰当。例：
    1. Don’t worried! They still have five minutes left.
    worried应改为： worry / be worried
    别担心!他们还剩五分钟。
    2. The old man can’t tell if the young people still like eating the mooncakes or not on Mid-autumn Day.
    if应改为： whether
    老人搞不清在中秋节年轻人是否依然喜欢吃月饼。
    三、固定结构错误
    【技巧点拨】  所谓固定结构错误是指英语中一些不能随便更改的习惯表达。如固定结构中的词不能随意增加或减少；固定搭配要前后一致等等。例：
    1. It was very kind for you to help me last night.
    for应改为： of
    你昨天晚上帮我，真是太感谢你了。
    2. My grandma use to be a history teacher in a middle school.
    use应改为： used
    我奶奶过去是一所中学里的历史老师。
    四、名词单复数错误
    【技巧点拨】  名词单复数变动的依据：①名词本身属于单数还是复数；②根据名词前的修饰成分；③根据上下文的逻辑关系。例：
    Last night more than five thousands people had the concert and they all enjoyed it very much.
    thousands应改为： thousand
    昨晚五千多人听了那场演唱会，他们都非常喜欢。
    五、重复错误
    【技巧点拨】  重复是指在一些固定表达中多用了的词或从上下文逻辑来判断多用了的词。多用的词会使句子表达不合规范或意思重复。例：
    1. Today I visited the Smiths—my first time visit to an American family.
    应去掉time
    今天我拜访了史密斯先生一家——这是我第一次拜访一个美国家庭。
    2. We practiced the short play for five times a day and at last we acted it out very well.
    应去掉for
    我们一天要练习这个短剧五次，最后我们表演得很好。
    六、冠词错误
    【技巧点拨】  英语中冠词只有三个，常见错误有：①不定冠词a 和an互改；②a, an与定冠词the互改；③根据需要增删冠词。例：
    For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break a silence.
    a 应改为： the
    走了很长一段时间他们都没说话，吉姆先打破了沉默。
    七、代词错误
    【技巧点拨】  ①代词的变化形式首先要与其所指代的对象一致；②符合上下文的一致性及其逻辑关系。
    1. The Greens did his best to make me feel at home.
    his 应改为： their
    格林先生一家想尽办法使我感到像在家一样。
    2. When we arrived at the foot of the mountains, the two of them were very excited.
    them 应改为： us
    当我们到达山脚时，我们中的两个人非常激动。
    八、连词与并列错误
    【技巧点拨】  连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是衡量连词及并列使用是否合适的关键所在。例：
    1. Playing football not only makes me grow up tall and strong but also give me the spirit of teamwork.
    give 应改为： gives
    踢足球不仅使我长高、强壮，而且给了我集体合作的精神。
    2. She was smiling but nodding at me.
    but 应改为： and
    她笑着对我点点头。
    九、易混词或词组引起的错误
    【技巧点拨】  易混词或词组包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括那些外形相似、意义有别的词组。粗心的同学更容易犯错。例：
    At first I knew nothing about football, but now I am very interesting in it.
    interesting 应改为：interested
    起先我对足球一无所知，但是现在我对它很感兴趣。
    十、非谓语动词形式错误
    【技巧点拨】  非谓语动词形式变化错误是一个普遍现象。主要集中在①动词不定式to的省略；②非谓语动词表示动作状态的-ing形式；③主动形式与被动形式的不同；④固定搭配等。例：
    1. There were a lot of stores sell food, drink and newspapers at the station.
    sell 应改为： selling
    在火车站有许多商店在出售食品、饮料和报纸。
    2. The little girl was made stand there for a long time.
    stand 应改为： to stand
    这个小女孩被迫站了很长时间。

实战指导
    下面这篇文章请同学们来修改，使它表达更流畅，逻辑更合理。
    题目：一说到考试，同学们总有讲不完的故事。在你的记忆中，那些发生在考场内外的故事，一定有使你至今感慨、难忘的吧?请以考试为话题，写一篇题为“An Unforgettable（难忘的）Experience”的短文。
    Among many exam experiences, I still remember what happened in the final exam last term.
    In the past I always felt nervous at the begin① of exams. And because of this, I never gave the best performance. But in the last final exam, when I got the paper, I surprised ② to see some warm words on the paper, “Hi, everyone. Believe in yourself and you will do best. Good luck.” See③ these words, the feeling of nervousness soon disappeared and I become④ confident. I did best that time.
    Since then, whenever I have exams, these simple and ⑤ warm words always encourage me and make me feel confident.

    Keys：
    ①begin → beginning，begin的名词形式是beginning，而且at the beginning of是固定搭配。
    ②surprised → was surprised，surprise是使役动词，人作主语时要用被动结构。
    ③see→ seeing，动词短语作主语可用to see 或seeing形式，这里表示“看到”的情形，选用seeing。
    ④become → became，从并列连词and来确定前后的动词时态应一致。
    ⑤and → but，形容词simple与warm是形成对比的一组，应用but比较符合文义。

备战英语写作  直击议论文体

纵观近几年中考英语书面表达，命题有向议论文转向的趋势，而考查议论文的写作，侧重于评论和感想。其命题呈现的方式灵活多样。可能是要点式，也可能是表格式或图画式。其内容多以联系同学们生活、环境保护和社会现象为主体。

    一、高分指南

    1. 确定主题，明确观点
    针对题目提出或引出一个令人关注的问题，简单说明问题的严重性和重要性。
    2. 谈论现象，找足论据
    文章的重点写作部分。根据题目中所提及的现象，进行分析推理，运用事实支持观点，常用first, second, third, in fact, however等引起阐述。
    3. 得出结论，发表观点
    对主体进行概括，发表自己的看法或见解。常用we should …, I suggest / think …, If we …, we’d better …, In a word…表现出来。

    二、试题回放

    “世界无烟日（Non-smoking Day）”那天，某中学对该校学生吸烟情况进行了一次调查，结果如图所示。请就此话题用英语写一篇短文。

    要求：1. 对调查结果进行描述。
    2. 表明自己的看法并提出建议。
    3. 所写内容符合“世界无烟日”主题
    4. 词数80个左右。
    提示词语：do a survey about…（做一个有关……的调查），
    3% of the students（百分之三的学生）
    （2006年中考·河南卷）
    ●思路点拨
    1. 审图：认真看图，弄清图传递给读者的信息，并善于从图中列出要点。
    2. 要点：①阐述调查结果。
    ②根据现象，进行论证。
    ③表明观点，提出建议。
    提示：正确传递写作目的（即论点），并针对论点进行有力论述。
    3. 时态：一般现在时态为主时态。
    4. 人称：第一人称和第三人称。
    5. 目的：中学生不应该吸烟。
    ●佳作欣赏
    On Non-smoking Day, our school did a survey about the students’ smoking. According to this survey, we find 90% of the students never smoke while 7% of the students smoke sometimes. They say smoking is just for fun and they look cool while smoking. It’s a pity that still 3% of the students often smoke.
    As students, we shouldn’t smoke at all. First, smoking is harmful to our health, especially for teenagers who are growing up. Second, it will make students lazier and lazier if they fall into the habit of smoking. As a result, they will lose interest in study. Third, they spend the money given by their parents on smoking. But not every students is lucky enough to get enough money from their parents, they begin to take away others’ money and become thieves. I want to say those students who smoke should give it up. Schools and parents should stop them from smoking. Students who didn’t smoke before should never try it.
    ●精彩点评
    ①观点鲜明，理由充分，有说服力。
    ②语言表达丰富，行文流畅，有感染力。
    ③好词：according to, be harmful to, as a result, fall into the habit of, lose interest in, given by…
    好句：We find 90% of the students never smoke while 7% of the students smoke sometimes.
    It’s a pity that still 3% of the students often smoke.
    Especially for teenagers who are growing up.
    As students, we shouldn’t smoke at all.

    三、同步评析

    阅读理解电视广告词：“If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示，写一篇60~80词的短文。
    提示：1. 生活离不开水。
    2. 可饮用水在减少。
    3. 水污染严重。
    4. 应保护水源，再利用水。
    ●佳作欣赏
    Water is very important to us. We can’t live without water. But some people don’t care about this. They often waste a lot of water. They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes, and pollute them. They throw rubbish into them, too.
    As a result, many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. That is not safe for people to drink. The water we can drink is becoming less and less. So we must do something useful to stop the pollution. We must protect the water. We must find ways to reuse it. Let’s do everything we can to keep the water clean and make good use of it. If we don’t, the last drop of water will be our tear.
    ●考点透析
    1. 广告词的含义：______________
    2. 时态：______________________
    3. 写作思路：（1）______________；
    （2）__________________________；
    （3）__________________________。
    ●精彩积累
    好词：________________________
    好句：_________________________
_________________________________
    一句多译：把文中划线句子转换成其它表达方式。
（参考答案见本期《考点随身带》P19）

    四、预测演练

    预测一
    如今，越来越多的中学生拥有手机，发短信、打电话已成为中学生日常生活的重要组成部分。针对这一现象，发表你自己的看法，写一篇80词左右的短文。
   
    预测二
    现在很多中学生抱怨“考试”太多，请以“考试”为题，写一篇100词左右的短文，发表你自己的看法，要求含以下要点：
    1. 考试有利有弊。
    2. 学生抱怨考试太多，压力太大。
    3. 老师认为有必要。
    4. 无论对老师或是学生，考试都反映出学生掌握了什么，掌握了多少。

怎样写好英语作文的开头 

 
一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。

文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下引起读者的兴趣。

作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：

1. 开门见山，揭示主题。

文章一开头，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是：

I spent my last vacation happily.

下面是题为“Honesty”（谈诚实）一文中的开头：

Honesty is one of the best virtues. An honest man is always trusted and respected. On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”， and is looked down upon by honest people.

2. 以交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头。

在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan” （去金山旅游）的开头：

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. It took three hours to ride there. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

3. 回忆性的开头。

用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”（去泰山旅游）的开头是：

I remember my first trip to the Tai-

shan Mountain as if it were yesterday.

4. 概括性的开头。

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。例如“The Happiness of Reading Books”（读书的快乐）的开头：

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

5. 介绍环境式的开头。

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。例如“An Accident”（一场事故）的开头是:

It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

6. 交待写作目的的开头。

在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。例如 “Pollution Control” (控制污染)的开头：

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.