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同位语与定语的本质区别

(2012-12-26 10:48:19)
标签:

定语

同位语

we/our

students

教育

分类: 教研—探幽发微
   2009年陕西省高考书面表达的原题及答案如下:
   假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上你看到一个名叫Grown-up的中学生发帖(post)寻求帮助请根据帖子内容写作要点和要求回贴。 
   
  写作要点: 
  1. 告诉Grown-up要理解母亲; 
  2. Grown-up提出解决问题的具体建议。 
  要求: 
  1. 短文需写在答题卡的指定区域。 
  2. 短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)。 
  3. 内容充实结构完整语意连贯。 
  4. 书写须清晰、工整。 
    
    参考范文:
  Hi, Grown-up, 
   As a student of your age, I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. However, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions. 
   First, it's advisable to talk more with your mom. Heart to heart talks help you understand each other better. They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things. 
     Second, you should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a "Grown-up". It's even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.

    其中,our teenagers应为us teenagers,因为该文第一句已交代“回帖者”的身份是a student of your age,所以,这里“我们”(we)与teenagers应是同位关系。
    作为出题人,这里拟出的参考答案出现的不是文字上的语言错误,而是“英语思维惯性”的错误。高考出题人尚且犯这样的错误,何况中学生?

    学生错例
*Nowadays,our students get more homework done and less time to rest each day.
Nowadays,we students get more homework to do and less time to rest every day.

*So reduce one hour is important to our teenager.
So reducing one hour is important to us teenagers.

our是形容词性的物主代词,意思是“我们的”,牛津(七版)的解释如下:

our  det.(the possessive form of we * We 的所有格) 
belonging to us; connected with us 我们的:  
◊ our daughter/dog/house 我们的女儿∕狗∕房子  
◊ We showed them some of our photos. 我们给他们看了我们的一些照片。  
◊ Our main export is rice. 我们主要出口大米。  
◊ And now, over to our Rome correspondent... 现在是驻罗马记者的报道… 
2 Our used to refer to or address God or a holy person (用于称上帝或圣人):  
◊ Our Father (=God) 上帝  
◊ Our Lady (=the Virgin Mary) 圣母玛利亚
    
    对于our的第一个用法,相信所有的学生都学过而且清楚。至于we和us的用法,相信所有的学生也都清楚。但为什么却分不清our students和we/us students的区别呢?这就是思维的微妙之处:our作定语,表示所有关系;we和students是同位关系,这里的语法定义和分析,实际上就是思维分析,这也反映出语法和思维的一致性。知道we和our的用法,是词汇层面的理解,会用our students和we/us students则是语法和思维的实践。
    所以,从某个角度来说,词通过语法和思维的纽带作用才是有用的,否则,词汇就是一盘散沙。
    所以说,在英语学习中,尤其在写作中,思维比知识显得更重要。

    注意以下例句:
1.What do we tell our students about WikiLeaks?(From "ZDNet Education")
2.We students enjoy our school life.But sometimes we feel unhappy.
3.Life is hard for us women.
(us women/men/teachers etc
 同位语与定语的本质区别Life is hard for us women.
—Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
4.The challenge for us Torontonians will be to show we are as devoted to fighting global warming as Sydneysiders were last year, when more than 2.2 million of them participated and slashed the city's power use by 10 percent for the planned hour.
下面再看电影Prince of Persia(《波斯王子》)中的一段台词:
Tamina:I'm desperate for a drop of water.
Dastan:Well, that's more than wwe have,since you emptied our cantten hours ago.
Tamina:I wasn't born of this desert like you Persians,all shriveled and angry.My constitution is much more...delicate.
Dastan:I think you mean spoiled.

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