完形填空题命题思路分析

 

一、体裁、题材多样，考查学生涉猎各种信息的能力

体载有记叙文、议论文等，题材涉及到趣味故事、幽默小品、科普知识、日常生活、人物小记、社会话题等。

尽管体裁、题材多样，但所选的短文不长，一般在职100——150词之间，而且短文情节连贯，层次分明，线索不复杂，一篇短文重点叙述一种观点，几个小段落可集中表达一个主题。中考英语完形填空题如此选材的目的是考查学生是否有阅读各种体裁、题材文章的能力以及涉猎各种信息的能力。

二、侧重整体理解，考查学生快速阅读能力

完形填空题实际上是恢复原貌式的阅读理解题，各种短文结构严谨，段落清楚，而且首句一般不挖空，便于学生依据首句提示进行整体理解。解答完形填空题要求学生具备快速阅读的各种能力和技巧，如视读、跳读、查读、猜词等。

三、侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的掌握能力。

完形填空题以文入手，结合文章内容考查学生的基础语言知识，主要是考查学生词语搭配，近义词辩异，正确辨析句子结构，掌握语法规则的能力。

【例1】(2003安徽)

His friend __D__the engine(发动机) and the plane began to move.

 A. began  B. carried  C. moved  D. started

【例2】（2001福建）

 Mr Green __C____ his children that Father Christmas is a very kind–hearted man.

   A. asks          B. talks        C. tells           D. says

【例3】（2001河北）

John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they ___C__ meet at five.

A. should      B. shall        C. would       D. will

四、上下对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力

完形填空题设计时，有时单看一句是得不出正确答案的，需要阅读下句、甚至若干句后才有“茅塞顿开”之感。上下对照，即在上文或下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。学生在答题中要有边读边在大脑中储存上下信息的能力，捕捉关键词。

【例1】（2003安徽）

First they wash their __B___ hands in a bowl of water—they only eat with right hands.

  A. dirty       B. right         C. left          D. big

【例2】（2001北京海淀区）

I really do make a living by __A___ ,and a good one ,too. I can  laugh like a king or like a school bay.

A. laughing     B. writing     C. speaking     D. working

【例3】（2002安徽）

Mr Baker loved planting __D___ . The week before last, he bought a few trees home..

A. flowers       B. grass        C. vegetables      D. trees

五、设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力

完形填空题中，有时答题无上下对照的关键词作参考，而是考查学生要分析前后语境去推理出正确答案。在这种试题中，四个选项填入句中语法、句子结构都正确，但分析前后语境，只有一个正确答案。

【例1】（2001北京东城区）

The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf  __D___  the children. They were a nice, happy family!

A. shouted at      B. looked into    C. laughed at      D. played with

【例2】（2001上海市）

It s a beautiful place. I was always  very __D___ there.

A. busy        B .interested      C. healthy      D. happy

六、结合生活，考查学生利用常识解题的能力

完形填空题中，有时命题者在完形填空题中考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否能善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做出恰当的选择。这类题的设计，四个选项放入句中语法、句子结构都正确，而且不一定需要上下联系，而是依据常识解答。

【例1】（2001北京海淀区）

When someone asks me what business I am in ,my face feels __C___.         

A. warm        B. cool       C. hot         D. cold

【例2】（2001北京宣武区）

One afternoon just before Christmas an old man was walking through the city center. The shops  were all filled with good things and crowded with _B____ shoppers.

A. angry       B. cheerful     C. sad        D. surprised

【例3】（2001安徽）

Children in the U.S. Will __A___ their parents’ home when they grow up.

A. leave        B. reach        C. love        D. hate

七、关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力

从近几年中考英语完形填空题的分析来看，命题者有时就有关连词进行挖空，以此来考查学生通过阅读能否理解句与句之间的关联关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等连词的用法。

【例1】（2003安徽）

They are served in bowls which everyone shares(共享), __B____ each person has their own bowl of rice.

A. because       B. though         C. since         D. until

【例2】（2002安徽）

Parents now  spend  more time in the office, __D___ they don’t have much time to stay with their children.

A .because       B. if            C. but          D. so

【例3】（2001山东）

The shops are bigger in London than in Moscow, __D___  it’s very dear to enjoy yourself in London.

A. Then        B. So         C. Or         D. But

 

完形填空解题技巧

Challenge Yourself

1.Mr Black is a doctor,  he works in the __hospital____.

2.A nurse  not only works in the day, but also works during the___night____.

3.He is rather busy, so he has  little/no__ time to have lunch at home.

4.We have an English test this term, it's very easy, most students can __pass_____ this test. 

5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired __but______ happy.

Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）

【2009 · 连云港】

In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _   C16_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual.

16. A. piano     B. guitar     C. violin    D. sax

【2009 · 黔东南】

Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of     C41   are there in the pool?” ….   as big as the pool, there is one basket of water…

41. A. fish    B. flowers    C. water   D. apples

Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）

【2009 · 重庆】

When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __B44__ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.

44. A. shorter      B. longer      C. earlier      D. later

【2009 · 苏州】

My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said．“My  A 17  ，Mommy．”

    She said，“No．Many people are deaf（聋的）…

17. A. ears        B. eyes        C. body      D. head

Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）

【2009 · 兰州】

When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention    D48   what he or she is speaking…

48. A. for      B. of       C. with      D. to

【2009 · 泰安】

In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea  C 48   that man.

48. A. with      B. to      C. as      D. of

Skill 4：grammar analysis（语法分析）

【2009 · 泸州】

As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think I'll also make many good   B25   and live with them, because I don't like living alone.

25. A. friend    B. friends    C. friends’    D. friends’

Skill 5：background  knowledge（背景知识）

【2009 · 东营】

All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of    32 A   ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.

32. A. all       B. none        C. some       D. both

完形填空演练

【例1】

     Life is not easy, so I’d like to say “When anything happens, believe in yourself.”When I was a young boy, I was   1   shy to talk to anyone. My classmates often   2   me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later,   3  happened, and it changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to   4   it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak   5   all the teachers and students in my school. “Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to win.” Then mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I   6   the topic “Believe in yourself”. I tried my best to remember all the speech and practiced it over 100   7   . With my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could hardly believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place.

     I heard the cheers(赞美)   8  the teachers and students. Those classmates   9   once looked down on(瞧不起)me, now all said “Congratulations!” to me. My mother hugged me and cried excitedly.

  10   then, everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I try to tell everyone to be sure and I will find myself. This is true not only for a person but also for a country.

( B  )  1.A.so        B. too        C. very       D. quite

( D  )  2.A. made faces at            B. looked after

        C. caught up with           D. laughed at

( A  )  3.A.something  B. nothing  C anything   D. everything

( B  )  4.A.join       B. take part in   C. make     D. get

( C )  5.A.to         B. with      C. before    D. among

( C  )  6.A.reached    B. brought    C. chose   D. thought

( A  )  7.A.times      B. words     C. sentences  D. topics

( B  )  8.A.of         B. from      C. to        D. for

( C  )  9.A.what       B. when     C. who      D. which

( A  )  10.A.Since     B. Except     C. From     D. Before

 

【例2】

Problems in the Neighborhood

Good morning ，ladies and gentlemen ，

Today, I am very happy to have a meeting with you. At the meeting we will talk about the 31  B   we have these days. We all know the problems of   32A    and the objects failing from windows are getting worse. We have   33C   lots of letters about such problems. So   34B   is time for us to look for possible ways to work out these problems.

Some dog-owners don’t  35  A   their dogs well enough, and they let their dogs make mess on roads and in gardens. This makes the environment   36D  . I would like to tell the dog-owners  37A    their behavior is too bad, and at the same time they are 38  D   people feel unhappy. We should .keep the environment  39A   .

It is reported that some, people __40C___ rubbish out of the windows, it is dangerous because falling objects   41A   hurt others. It is against the law. We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so. If it is found, we will record the ___42D    and addresses of those people who throw objects. Then, a warning will be given and   43C   will be punished by law.

A safe and comfortable living environment is important to us.  44A    we try our best to care for our community, it will be a good place to  45B    in. Thank you for your coming.

31. A. lessons        B. problems        C. classes            D. films

.32. A. dogs          B. birds              C. cats               D. snakes

33. A. made          B. opened            C received            D. invented

34. A. that              B. it                    C. this                D. here

35. A. take care of    B. take away      C. take out       D. take off

36, A. noisy           B. quiet                C. tidy            D. dirty

37. A. what            B. that                  C. where            D. when

38. A. stopping       B. helping            C. telling            D. making

39. A. pleasant        B. important            C. useful            D. famous

40. A. pull            B. put                   C. throw            D. take

41. A. may            B. need                C. have to            D. should

42. A. jobs            B. ages                  C. hobbies            D. names

43. A. we                B. you                  C. they            D. he

44. A. If                B. Because              C. Before            D. Unless

45. A. study          B. live                    C. work            D. teach

我特喜欢的两句话，送给大家作为礼物：

         向着特定目标前进的人，全世界都会为你让路。

                                                             ——艾默生

         成功意味着什么，坚持就是一切。

——里尔克