现在分词的句法作用

1.现在分词和动名词同形，在句中可构成各种进行时态(参阅时态各节)：

It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(现在进行时)

He was writing a letter.他在写信。(过去进行时)

What have you been doing?你在干什么？(现在完成进行时)

2.除了构成谓语外，现在分词还可：

1)用作表语：

The story is very interesting.这故事很有趣。

The day was so charming.天气十分怡人。

2)用作定语：

China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。

The house is a charming museum now.这房子现在是一座迷人的博物馆。

3)用作状语：

He is busy answering letters.他在忙着给人回信。

Let’s go fishing.咱们钓鱼去吧。

4)用来构成复合宾语：

We saw a girl running towards us.我们看见一个女孩向我们跑来。

I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人敲门。

3.有不少现在分词可用作表语，表示主语的特征：

The water was quite refreshing.水使人清新。

One of the boys is missing.有一个男孩不见了。

“That’s amazing,” Jack said.“这太使人吃惊了，”杰克说。

The film was very amusing.这部电影很有趣。

能这样用的分词很多，如amusing, charming, discouraging, exciting, interesting, inviting, missing, amazing, shocking, surprising等。

Exercises:

1. 在下面句子中的分词或分词短语下划线，并说出它们在句中的作用：

1) Do you see the man walking down the street? ( )

2) I see him passing my house every day. ( )

3) I went shopping this morning. ( )

4) A boy came running out of the house. ( )

5) He found the boys stealing his apples. ( )

6) He fired, wounding one of the wolves. ( )

7) The teacher told us an amusing story. ( )

8) Who knows the missing word in this sentence? ( )

9) We saw some peasants working in the fields. ( )

10) I don’t like to see singing birds in cages. ( )

11) We went boating on the lake. ( )

12) He said he had seen a flying saucer. ( )

2. 在下面句子中作表语的分词下划线：

1) The weather was charming.

2) The story was quite amusing.

3) Skiing is more exciting than skating.

4) Her photograph was missing.

5) Such views are shocking to me.

6) The matter is pressing.

7) The old man’s views are shocking.

8) These reports are confusing.

9) What he said was rather disappointing.

10) Some of the letters are exciting.

现在分词作定语和状语

1.现在分词作定语时很多，有时单独作定语，放在所修饰的词前面：

He is a promising young man.他时一个有培养前途的青年。

It is a fascinating city.这是一座迷人的城市。

Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.威斯康星乳牛产品领先各州。

They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他们在临近一座城市访问。

2.也可引起一个短语，放在所修饰的词后面：

There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲门。

I know a man working in that factory.我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。

The girl sitting beside me is my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我的表妹。

Do you know the man talking to her?和她说话的男子你认识吗？

3.现在分词也有时可用作状语，修饰谓语，表示：

1)同时发生的另一动作：

A boy came running in.一个男孩跑进屋来。

I went shopping with mother in town.我和妈妈一道进城买东西。

Following Tom, they started to climb.他们跟着汤姆往上爬。

2)原因：

Not knowing the way, he couldn’t go there.由于不知道路，他无法到那里去。

Being excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.因为激动她睡不着。

3)时间：

Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.听到这消息时我们高兴得跳了起来。

Turning around, he saw a tiger running up.他转过身时看到一只老虎跑了过来。

有时和when或while连用：

They got engaged when traveling in Europe.他们在欧洲旅游时订了婚。

His fingers trembled while doing so.他这样做时手指颤抖了一下。

Exercises:

1. 在下面句子中作定语的分词或分词短语下划线：

1) He is a promising young man.

2) It is a fascinating city.

3) He was one of the leading composers of the time.

4) Who is the girl standing on her hands?

5) They built a road leading to the village.

6) Who knows the missing words in the sentence?

7) My aunt told us an amusing story.

8) In our village live 350 families belonging to three nationalities.

9) There is a car waiting at the door.

10) Don’t wake the sleeping child.

2. 在下面句子中由分词或分词短语表示的状语下划线：

1) Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.

2) We couldn’t help them, being so poor ourselves.

3) Coming down the mountain, we met Jim on the way.

4) We spent a lot of money rebuilding the house.

5) He worked the whole afternoon trying to repair the car.

6) Not knowing the language, he couldn’t get a job.

7) The manager came towards us smiling.

8) Having failed twice, they didn’t want to try again.

9) Being a student, she was naturally interested in museums.

10) Turning around, she saw a man following her.

11) When leaving the airport, they waved to us again and again.

12) While staying there, I learnt a lot from them.

现在分词构成复合结构

1.不少动词可用现在分词构成复合宾语：

I saw Tom waving to me.我看见汤姆向我挥手。

He heard someone knocking at the door.他听见有人敲门。

I am sorry to keep you waiting.对不起让你久等了。

We found a tree lying across the road.我们发现一棵树拦在马路中间。

这些都可作为句型来记，如hear somebody doing something, see somebody doing something，还有keep, notice, find, leave等动词可跟这样的宾语。

2.在see, hear, notice这类动词后，有时可跟两种复合结构，一种由现在分词构成，一种由不带to的不定式构成：

We saw a man standing there.我们看见一个男子站在那里。

We saw a man leave the house.我们看见一个男子离开了那座房子。

前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示动作业已完成，有时两种结构差别不大，可以换用，如：

I often heard her singing this song.我常听见她唱这首歌。

sing

3.这种结构也可用于被动形式：

He was often seen working in the fields.人们常常看见他在地里干活。

She was once heard singing this song.有一次人们听见她唱这支歌。

4.介词后间或也跟这种复合宾语：

She listened to him playing the piano.她听他弹钢琴。

He looked at the children playing under the tree.他看孩子们在树下玩耍。

Exercises:

1. 在下面句子中的复合宾语下划线：

1) I watched the children dancing in the garden.

2) She heard some people talking in the next room.

3) He felt the house shaking.

4) Do you smell something burning?

5) I am sorry to keep you waiting.

6) His question set us all thinking.

7) I noticed someone standing at the door.

8) My uncle caught the children stealing his apples.

9) I’ll have you all speaking English well within a year.

10) He found them playing basketball.

11) I have been kept waiting for two hours.

12) Voices were heard calling for help.

2. 在介词后的复合宾语下划线：

1) Just look at the rain pouring down!

2) We listened to the band playing in the park.

3) She wanted to leave the house without anyone seeing her.

4) I should thank you instead of you thanking me.

5) This story is about a girl sailing across the Atlantic alone.

6) With so many people supporting us, we are sure to succeed.

7) I couldn’t leave the house without anyone seeing me.

8) He was like an old tree blossoming again.