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高考短文改错专题
高考短文改错的命题与解题思路
高考短文改错是基于对学生在写作中经常犯的错误进行改正，学生在写作中经常犯哪些错误呢？其实学生在写作中常犯的错误正是由于英语与汉语存在的差异，这些存在差异的地方也就是命题的地方，或者说是考点。另外，短文改错重点还是考查英语语法的掌握，但与把这些语法知识点放在短文中考查，也及是说短文改错还考查语境乃至语篇。综合以上的分析，短改错有以下几个方面：
一． 考查词的形态变化，这也是英汉的差异所在。英语中有形态变化的词有六类：名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词和数词。重点为对名词和动词的考查。
1．对名词的考查：在英语中任何一个名词都具有抽象和具体两层含义，当名词作为具体含义使用时一定要考虑一是名词的单复数问题，二是名词前一定要用限定词，限定词包括冠词，形容词性物主代词和指示代词。
对名词的考查有两个方面，一是名词的数与格的问题如：advices on how to write like a real writer.              85 advice
Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live 77.   animals
to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me
                  luggage                         friend’ s
二是对名词前的限定词的考查如：There was Uncle Chen, ∧gentleman living             82  a 
To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all 81.  the/this/that
I’m writing to tell you∧opinion about water saving.  76.   my    
2．对动词的考查：动词是所有语法项目中的重点，包括对限定语动词和非限定动词的考查。
对限定动词的考查（有时态，语态，主谓一致）如：have been telling me how great my writing was.         79  had
of winning the prize. What were better, I had useful         81 was
without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.  79.    seems 
lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
             Felt
对非限定动词的考查如：He agreed to reading my story and give me some           84 read
ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath 84.   used    
二． 对介词与连接词用法的考查。
1．对介词的考查如：prize on the Story Writing Show. All I had to do       77  in
father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year.
for
2．对连接词的考查如：So if they∧ had said was true, I would have a chance    80  what
without water and neither agriculture or industry can go 78.   nor    
out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no 82. because/since/as
was to write a story or present it. My teachers        78  and
三． 对语境的考查
Many countries in the world find we don’t have enough water.  80.     they 
Ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to
                                       there
四．对其它知识的考查，短文改错毕竟是在文章中命题，说明命题人想考查哪方面的语法是受到文章限制的，所以不好总结，有一定的偶然性。near my house, who was a very mu\ch famous writer.        83 mu\ch
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From    less
2010年大纲全国卷I
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
   以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按下列情况改正：
   此行多一词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
   此行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
   此行错一词：在错词的下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：请在答题卡上作答。
It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first         76  √
prize on the Story Writing Show. All I had to do       77  in
was to write a story or present it. My teachers        78  and
have been telling me how great my writing was.         79  had
So if they∧ had said was true, I would have a chance    80  what
of winning the prize. What were better, I had useful         81 was
help. There was Uncle Chen, ∧gentleman living             82  a 
near my house, who was a very mu\ch famous writer.        83 mu\ch
He agreed to reading my story and give me some           84 read
advices on how to write like a real writer.              85 advice

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲卷）
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you∧opinion about water saving.  76.   my    
Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live 77.   animals
without water and neither agriculture or industry can go 78.   nor    
without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.  79.    seems 
Many countries in the world find we don’t have enough water.  80.     they 
To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all 81.  the/this/that
out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no 82. because/since/as
drinking water should be left running. Third, we should find 83.      √  
ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath 84.   used    
water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.  85.   for     
Sincerely,
Li Hua

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新题型)
短文改错：第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除
或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a
                                                           buying 
Ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to
                                       there
Xiamen for Λlong holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to  pick up my bag
           a                      and
from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my
Money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange
      In                               were
to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me
                  luggage                         friend’ s
lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
             Felt
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（新题型）
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From
less
the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I
toys
was happy when the toys worked, but when things did ∧wrong, I got angry and
went/go
broke it. For a while ∧ parents bought me new toys. But before long they began
them my
to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my
what tore
father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year.
for
Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
could/might
My attitude changed from then on.