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“直”变“间”，一主二宾三不变
生活中转述他人的话是十分常见的事。但初学者在“直接引语”转变为“间接引语”过程中，或多或少存在一些困惑和不理解，致使错误连连不断，为此，我把自己在教学过程中积累的一点见解分享给同学们，希望能给同学们（特别是八年级同学）一些帮助。今天谈论的是直接引语是一般现在时的陈述句是如何转述的。
请看例句：
Jack: I want to have an ice cream.
Mum: Mary, what did your little brother say?
Mary: He said(Jack) that he wanted to have an ice cream.
同学们，在“直”变“间”的过程中，一般的变化规律为：
一，使用that连接的宾语从句
She said (that) she was with some classmates from London…
She said (that) she missed her parents but she had some close friends here.
She said (that) China was a very exciting place.
二，谓语动词时态的变化
1，如果引述动词为一般现在时，间接引语中动词可用任何时态，如：
He says, “ I`m tired.”→
He says (that) he is tired.
2，如果引述动词为一般过去时，间接引语中动词的时态一般推移到过去时间，如：
Chen Huan said, “It is an exciting film.”→
Chen Huan said (that) it was an exciting film.

He said, “I`m keeping her warm” →
He said (that) he was keeping her warm
若引语为客观事实，一般真理时，原来的时态不变，如：
The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.” →
The teacher said (that) the sun rises in the east.
三，人称的变化
“直”变“间”的过程中，人称的变化是难点。因为不少同学在转述时，对象（立足点）发生变化导致自己思维的紊乱，转述表达不清就出现逻辑语意出错，如：
Tony said, “ I can`t come with you .” →
Tony said to me/us/them (that) he couldn`t go with me/us/them. (√)
Tony said (that) he couldn`t go with you. (×)
因此，我们要注意，如果直接引语中有第一人称，变为间接引语时人称要随主句主语的人称而变化；如果直接引语中有第二人称，变为间接引语时人称要随主句宾语（间接宾语）的人称而变化（如果没有间接宾语，可以根据内容加一个间接宾语如me,him,或us等）；如果直接引语中有第三人称或其他名词（名次短语）时，变为间接引语时人称及其他名词（名次短语）不变，即“一主二宾三不变”规律，如：
Tony said, “ I have to finish my homework.” →
Tony said (that) he had to finish his homework.

Chen Huan said, “They are my favourite band.” →
Chen Huan said (that) they were his favourite band.

Daming said, “ It`s very kind of you to help me with English.” →
Daming told(said to) Tony (that) it was very kind of him(Tony) to help him(Daming) with English.
四，其他变化
转述分即时转述和过后转述。如果是即时转述，从句中的时间、地点不用变化；如果是过后转述，且转述时时间、地点都发生了变化，那么间接引语中的时间和地点都要随之变化。例如：
“I am going to Shanghai this afternoon.” Kylie told me. →
Kylie told me (that) she was going to Shanghai this afternoon.. (当天转述)
Kylie told me (that) she was going to Shanghai that afternoon. （过后转述）
相应的具体变化为：
1，指示代词
This → that
These → those
2，时间状语
Now→ then
Ago → before
Tonight→ that(last) night
Tomorrow→ the next day
Next month→ the next month
Yesterday → the day before
Last month → the month before
3，地点状语
Here→ there
4，动词
Come →go
例如：
Lingling said, “ I want to listen to the radio tonight.” →
Lingling said (that) she wanted to listen to the radio that night.

Sally said, “I`m in Beijing for a concert now.” →
Sally said (that) she was in Beijing for a concert then.
同学们，直接引语为祈使句、一般疑问句、或特殊疑问句，以及直接引语为其他时态如现在进行时、一般将来时、现在完成时等，我们以后再来探讨。