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新概念二册语法讲义——定语从句
一、定语从句中的连接词分为两种：
1.关系代词：that ; which ; who(whom) ; whose
2.关系副词：where ; when ; why
二、关系代词的用法：
1.先行词如果指人的时候，关系代词可以用：who, whom, whose, that
例句：(1) The girl who / that we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.
      (2) The boy who / whom / that I don’t like is calling me.
      (3) This is the boy whose father is an English teacher
2.先行词如果指物的时候，关系代词可以用：that, which, whose
例句：(1) A plane is a machine that / which can fly.
      (2) This is the cat whose eyes are red and blue.
★3.如果关系代词后接动词时，that, which, who, whom不可省略，反之则可省略。
例句：(1) The man (that / who) we don’t like is in our office now.(可省略)
      (2) This is the shirt (that / which) I want to buy. (可省略)
      (3) Is this the teacher (who / whom / that) you like? (可省略)
      (4) The student who / that was ill yesterday is better today. (不可省略)
  ★4.含有下列情形的，关系代词只能用that.
     ①先行词是不定代词：all, much, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, the one...
     例句：There is nothing (that) I can do.
     ②先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰
     例句：Are there any people that want to quit(放弃)?
     ③先行词被基数词或序数词修饰
     例句：(1) Tom is the first person that passed the exam.
          (2) There are seven dogs that will be sold tomorrow.
     ④先行词被最高级修饰
     例句：Tomorrow is the best time that we can have a picnic.
     ⑤先行词既有人又有物
     例句：We can’t forget the people and the things that we saw on the farm.
     ⑥主句是There be句型
     例句：There are lots of places that we want to go to.
三、关系副词的用法：
1.先行词如果指时间时，关系副词必须用：when
例句：January 2nd is the day when we will have a birthday party.
2.先行词如果指地点时，关系副词必须用：where
例句：Dalian is the city where I was born.
3.先行词是原因(reason / reasons)时，关系副词必须用：why
例句：Can you tell me the reason why you are late again?
★4.关系副词when , where有时也可以用“介词+which”来代替。
例句：(1) January 2nd is the day on which we will have a birthday party.
(2) Dalian is the place in which I was born.
★5.但是如果动词+介词是固定搭配的话，介词仍然放在动词的后面。
例句：Is this the watch which you are looking for?