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牛津高二英语Module 7Unit 2 Grammar and usage学案

(2012-02-29 14:48:22)
标签:

牛津

短语动词

介词

副词

不及物动词

杂谈

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牛津高二英语M7U2  Fit for life学案
Grammar and usage
第一部分:重点讲解
短语动词通常以动词为中心,通常由动词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义,很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词,有的则相当于不及物动词。
1 短语动词的构成
 (1)动词+副词
      clear away清除掉       put away收起    die away消失
   call back回电话    look back回顾    walk back走回
  break down坏了    calm down平静下来   get down咽下
  come up上来        blow up爆炸    turn up出现
  show off炫耀        give off散发    take off脱下
  break out发生        blow out吹灭    run out 用完
 (2)动词+介词
  bring about引起    look about 环顾四周   seek for寻找
  burst into 闯入         turn into使变成    look into调查
        see to 处理     devote to贡献给    deal with处理
  glance at匆匆一瞥    work at干……    aim at向…瞄准
  differ from与…不同    result from由于    insist on坚持
  rely on依靠     bring in引进    hope for希望得到
  combine with联合       lead to导致,通向    set about着手
  (3) 动词+副词+介词
     add up to总计     keep away from不靠近look down on轻视
  keep up with赶上    make up for弥补   get on with相处
  get close to接近    get out of逃避,避免   do away with废除
  do well in在…干得好   put up with忍受    catch up with赶上
  look up with仰望,尊敬   run out of用完    look forward to
  go on with继续     get down to认真开始  break away from
2 短语动词使用时须注意的几点
(1) 在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词,则应放在动词和副词之间。如:
   The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.
   年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。
   He has put aside a little money for a rainy day.
     他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。
     When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up in this dictionary.
     当你不理解新单词的时候,你可以查字典。
This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.
这种方法相当新,你可以试着用它去解决那个难题。
(2)在带有介词的短语动词中,介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。
We have brought in a good harvest for three years .
我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。
We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。
Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.
在警察来之前,请勿靠近事故现场。
The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holidays.
经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作。
(3)有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语,这时他们相当于不及物动词。如:
Mr Wang’s new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.
王先生的新汽车坏了,他不得不又骑自行车去上班。
The crowd broke up after the football games.
足球比赛结束后,人们四处散开。
(4)同一动词,后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。如:
 break down坏了;跨了  break up拆散;解体;驱散
 break in闯入;插话      break off忽然停止讲话;断绝
 break out爆发;逃出   break through冲破;突破;战胜
 不同的动词,后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。
 make up组成;构成;弥补;编造;化装
 show up带上楼;出席;露面;揭露
 hold up举起来;阻塞;耽搁;抑制感情
 set up创立;建立;树立;资助
 put up提出;举起;建造
 take up拿起;举起;开始(某)活动
(5)一些短语动词,具有多种释义,需要根据全句语境对他们作出恰当理解。如:
Hurry up,children!The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)
After entering the room,he took off his coat .(脱下)
The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.(休假)
     The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.(崩溃)
Interrupted by hankers,the computer system of that company has broken down.(瘫痪)
Negotiations(谈判) between the boss and workers have broken down失败)
常见短语:
answer for  对。。。负责        go without 没有也行
agree with 同意(某人)   hand in交上来
agree to同意(建议)     have nothing to do with与。。。无关
agree on 达成一致    have sth.to do with与。。。有关
aim at瞄准      head for朝。。。去
ask for请求     help…in在。。。帮助
belong to属于     hope for希望得到
burst into突然。。。起来   introduce …to..把。。。介绍。。。
begin with以。。。开始   inspire…with…以。。。激励
base on根据     insist on坚持
consist of由。。。组成   interfere with妨碍
congratulate …on祝贺   join sb.in…加入某人一起
come to an end结束    knock at敲(门等)
compare …to把。。。比作  long for渴望
compare…with同。。。相比  look up查阅,向上看
care for喜欢,照顾    look on/opon…as…把。。。看作。。。
change …for用。。。交换   learn by heart背会
clear up放晴     leave for动身区去
come across偶然遇到   lie in在于
call up大电话     live on靠。。。生活,以。。。为主食
call for 要求,需要    look through翻阅,浏览
call on 拜访(人),号召   mix with同。。。混合
call at拜访(地)    present…with赠送
cure of治愈     persist in坚持
depend on依靠     put…into practice实施
devote to把。。。用于   reply to答复
engage in从事     rely on依靠
end with以。。。结束    recover from恢复
get on/off上/下车    rob …of…抢走
get on/along进展    run over碾过去
get ready for准备好    result from/in由。。。引起;导致
get in收获      remember sb. to…带。。。问好
grow up长大     set about doing着手做
give in让步,投降    succeed in 成功。。。
go all out竭尽全力    speak of说到
go through通过     share in分担
go over复习     share sth.with sb.与某人共同使用
第二部分发:练习
I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空
break in /break down/break off/break out/break through
a)The old man __________in the middle of the story.
b)Influenza usually ________in winter because of the cold weather.
c)The robbers __________ and looted (抢劫)the warehouse.(货栈)
d)The old washing machine seems to _________ again.
e)They hope to __________ soon in their fight against the disease.
make up/turn up/set up/take up/put up
 a)The girl is very quick at _________ excuses.
 b)The young swimmer ________ a new record in the backstroke.
 c)Kate _______the piano when she was only five years old.
 d)The long-lost watch _____ down the back of the old table.
 e)The examination result will _____ on this board tomorrow.
try on/keep an eye on/rely on/insist on/look down on
 a)British summers are awful and we can not ______the weather.
 b)Will you ______ this pair of trousers ?
 c)We should not ______ the young men who haven’t been to college.
 d)Would you be kind enough to _____the lovely baby for a while?
 e)Last night his wife _________his wearing a black suit for the party.
II. 单项填空
1. It’s ten years since the scientist _______on his life’s work of
  discovering the valuable chemical.
  A. made for  B. set out  C. took off  D. turned up
2. It is wise to have some money _______for age.
  A. put away  B. kept up  C. given away   D. laid up
3. It was dark and we decided to ______for the night at a farm house.
  A. put away  B. put down  C. put up   D. put out
4. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please ______?
  A. turn it on  B. turn it down C. turn it up  D. turn it off
5. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____ the
  shocking ending.
  A. give away  B. give out  C. give up  D. give off
6. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____ it.
  A. got over  B. got on with C. got around  D. got out of
7. We didn’t plan out art exhibition like that but it ______ well.
  A. carried out  B. tried out  C. kept on  D. worked out
8. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____ the books when you have finished with them.
  A. put on  B. put down  C. put back  D. put off
9. Readers can _____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of  each word.
  A. get over  B. get in   C. get along  D. get through
10. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s for us to ____ our studies.
  A. get down to  B. get out  C. get back for D. get over
11. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ____ most of her day.
  A. takes up B. makes up  C. saves up  D. puts up
12. The village people prevented their cattle from _____ the wheat field.
  A. breaking in B. breaking out C. breaking into D. breaking away
13. For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll ______my own business someday.
  A. turn up  B. fix up   C. set up   D. make up
14. Lucy ______ a lot of Japanese by playing with the native boys and girls.
  A. picked up B. took up  C. made up  D. turned up
15.Having decided to rent a flat, we _______ getting in touch with some agencies in the city.
  A. set up  B. set down  C. set out  D. set about
III. 翻译下列句子
1.医生要求这个病人戒掉烟和酒。
 ____________________________________________________________.
2. 在入冬前,我们的蔬菜和水果就会吃完.
____________________________________________________________.
3. 我认为需要派更多的警察来调查这个案子.
   ____________________________________________________________.
4. 这个篮球队的每个成员都不应当被歧视.
   ____________________________________________________________.
第三部分:练习答案
I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空
a)broke off    b)breaks out   c)broke in   d)have broken down   e)break through
a)making up   b)set up   c)took up   d)turned up     e)be put up
a)rely on      b)try on   c)look down on
II. 单项填空
1-5 BACCA   6-10 ADCCA   11-15 ACCAD
III. 翻译下列句子
1 The doctor asked the patient to give up smoking and drinking.
2 Our vegetables and fruits will run out before winter.
3 I think that more police are needed to look into the case.
4. Every member of this basketball team should not be looked down on.

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