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Unit 5  Ellipsis  省略
I. Definition
II. Kinds
III. Usage:
(1). 简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。
1) (You) Come in, please.              2) (I) See you tomorrow.
3) (I) Thank you for your help.          4) (I) Beg your pardon.
2. There be 结构中there的省略
In and around the city there are lots of trees.
3. 省略主语或谓语的一部分
1) (It) Sounds a good idea.             2) (Will you) Have a smoke?
3) (Would you like) Something to drink?  4) (You come) This way, please.
4. 省略宾语
可以省略宾语的全部;可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have。
1) ---Do you know Miss Hu?       ---I don’t know (her).
2) Don’t touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).
3) ---Are you a teacher?       ---No, but I want to be (a teacher).
4) ---He hasn’t finished the task.      ---Well, he ought to have (finish it).
5. 省略表语
1).---Are you thirsty?  ---Yes, I am (thirsty).
2) His brother isn’t lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
6. 同时省略几个句子成分
1) --- Are you feeling better now?      --- (I’m feeling) Better (now).
2) --- When did you read the novel?   --- (I read it) Long ago.
3) Let’s meet at the school gate as the same as (we met) yesterday.
(2). 并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分．
1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
3) Lin’s father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).
(3). 主从复合句中的省略
1. 主句中有主语和谓语被省略　
1) (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.
2) (It’s a) Pity that you missed such a good chance.
2. 省略从句中与主句相同的部分
They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).
3. 主句与从句各有一些成分被省略
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
(4). 其他省略
1. 连词的that省略
1)宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
2)在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略
The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.
2. 在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分有be动词时,可省去“主语+be”部分
1).When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.
2 ). As (he was) a child, he lived in India.
3 ). If (you are) asked you may come in.
4). Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.
3. 不定式符号to的省略
(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。   I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
(2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。
   I will help (to) do it for you.
   I will help you (to) do it.
(3)介词but前若有动词do, 后面不定式不带to。  The boy did nothing but play.
(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.
(5) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。
   What we can do now is (to) wait.
(6) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
   We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment.
  但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。
   She found him to be dishonest.
4.条件从句中有should, were或had时,可以省略if,但要将should, were或had提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
Exercise.Now it’s your turn to find out what have been left out.
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.                          2. Some more tea?
3. Sounds like a good idea.                            4. Doesn’t matter.
5. Sorry to hear that.                                 6. Pity you couldn’t come
7. This way, please.                                  8. Terrible weather!
9. Joining us for a drink?                             10. Going to the supermarket?