初二(八年级) 外研版(下)教你如何区分if和whether
(2012-01-13 14:23:06)
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宾语从句时态主句语序汤姆杂谈 |
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Module 2 语法知识辅导
教你如何区分if和whether?
一、if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动词ask 、see 、say 、know、remember和find
out等后面。一般情况下,两者常可互换,在口语中多用if。如:
例1. I can’t remember whether / if I have seen him before.
例2 . Tom wants to know whether / if he needs to come early
tomorrow.
二、if或whether引导宾语从句时,要注意三个方面,即连词、语序和时态。
(1) if或whether不能和that 或其它连词(副词)同时使用,也不能省去。如:
例3. 我不知道他今天是否会来。
[误] I don’t know that if / whether he will come here today.
[正] I don’t know if / whether he will come here today.
例4. 他过来看看猫是否生病了。
[误] He came to see what if / whether there was something wrong with
his cat .
[正] He came to see if / whether there was something wrong with his
cat .
(2) if或whether引导宾语从句时,虽具有疑问意义,但从句语序应用陈述句语序。如:
例5. Did you know the way to the hospital? The old woman asked
me.
The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the
hospital.
这位老人问我是否知道去医院的路。
(3)
if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态;主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。如:
例6. He doesn’t know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or
not.
<口诀>:“主”用“现、将”“从”不限。
例7.Tom asked me if / whether I had read the book.
汤姆问我是否看过这本书。
<口诀>:“主过”——“从过”对应变。
三、if和whether的区别:
(1) 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8. I can’t decide whether to stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
(2) 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9. I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
我想知道是否是好消息。
(3) 在介词后, 只能用whether。如:
例10. His father is worried about whether he will lose his
work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去这份工作。
(4) 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。如:
例11. Whether they can finish the work on time is still a
problem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
(5) 用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12. Could you tell me if you know the answer?
这句话有两种含义:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。